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Arachnid Mitochondrial Primers | Arachnid Information | Spiders of Portland | PSU Invertebrate Museum

 Primers

that may be useful for amplifying chelicerate mitochondrial genes

           Click on the genes below to jump to alignment files of sequence data from each of the
           completed (or nearly complete) chelicerate mitochondrial genomes we have evaluated.

These pages may take a few minutes to load, so please be patient!

          Cytochrome Oxidase I (CO1)

          Cytochrome Oxidase II (CO2)

          Cytochrome Oxidase III (CO3)

          Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase 8 (ATP8)

          Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase 6 (ATP6) (highly variable, and lacks conserved primer sites)

          Nicotinamide Dehydrogenase 1 (ND1)

          Nicotinamide Dehydrogenase 2 (ND2)

          Nicotinamide Dehydrogenase 3 (ND3)

          Nicotinamide Dehydrogenase 4 (ND4)

          Nicotinamide Dehydrogenase 5 (ND5)

          Nicotinamide Dehydrogenase 4L (ND4L) (highly variable, and lacks conserved primer sites)

          Nicotinamide Dehydrogenase 6 (ND6) (highly variable, and lacks conserved primer sites)

          Cytochrome b apoenzyme (Cytb)

          Large Subunit Ribosomal RNA (LSU or 16S)

          Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA (SSU or 12S)

These arthropod mitochondrial primers include the oligonucleotides targeting
the protein-coding genes in Simon et al. (1994) Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 87(6):688-701.
Nomenclature as in Simon et al. 1994, with gene direction relative to Coding Sequence, CDS.
Further details on the nomenclature of the chelicerates whose mt genomes were analyzed can be found below.

   If you find this resource helpful, please cite:

        Masta, S.E., Longhorn, S.J., and McCall, A. D. 2008. Chelicerate Primers.
           An Online Primer Resource for Chelicerate Mitogenomics.

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0416628. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

 

Taxa with complete/partial mitochondrial genomes, including all arachnid orders and several outgroups. Genera are listed alphabetically within arachnid orders.

Chelicerata; Xiphosura

Limulus polyphemus. Chelicerata; Merostomata; Xiphosura; Limulidae
Complete genome. Source: Lavrov, Boore, and Brown. 2000. MBE. (Accession. NC_003057|)

Chelicerata; Pycnogonida

Ammothea hilgendorfi. Chelicerata; Pycnogonida; Ammotheidae; Ammothea
Partial genome. Source: Masta, McCall, and Longhorn. 2010. Mol. Phylo. Evol. (Accession GU370075)

Nymphon unguiculatum-charcoti complex (formerly misidentified as Colossendeis sp.) Chelicerata; Pycnogonida; Nymphonidae
Partial genome. Source: Masta, McCall, and Longhorn. 2010. Mol. Phylo. Evol. (Accession GU370076)

Endeis spinosa. Chelicerata; Pycnogonida; Endeidae
Partial genome. Source: Hassanin, Leger, and Deutsch. 2005. MBE. (Accession AY731173)

Tanystylum orbiculare. Chelicerata; Pycnogonida; Pantopoda; Ammotheidae (formerly Tanystylidae)
Complete genome. Source: Masta, McCall, and Longhorn. 2010. Mol. Phylo. Evol. (Accession NC_014505)

Chelicerata; Arachnida

ORDER ACARI: (Mites and Ticks)

Amblyomma triguttatum. Acari; Parasitiformes; Ixodida; Ixodoidea; Ixodidae
Complete genome. Source: Fukunaga. 2004. Unpublished. (Accession NC_005963)

Archegozetes longisetosus. Acari; Acariformes [Sarcoptiformes]; Oribatida; Desmonomata; Trhypochthonioidea; Trhypochthoniidae
Complete genome. Source: Unpublished, Courtesy of Richard Thomas.

Carios capensis. Acari; Parasitiformes; Ixodida; Ixodoidea; Argasidae; Ornithodorinae
Complete genome. Source: Fukunaga. 2004. Unpublished. (Accession NC_005291)

Dinothrombium pandorae. Acari; Acariformes [Trombidiformes]; Anystina; Parasitengona; Trombidioidea; Trombidiidae

Haemaphysalis flava. Acari; Parasitiformes; Ixodida; Ixodoidea; Ixodidae
Complete genome. Source: Shao et al. 2004. Insect. Mol. Biol. (Accession NC_005291)

Ixodes hexagonus. Acari; Parasitiformes; Ixodida; Ixodoidea; Ixodidae
Genome: Whole. Source: Black and Roehrdanz 1998. MBE. (Accession NC_002010)
(Note: I. holocyclus released by Shao et al. 2004. IMB. (Accession NC_005293)
(Note: I. uriae released by Shao et al. 2005. MBE. (Accession NC_006078)
(Note: I. persulcatus released by Shao et al. 2005. MBE. (Accession NC_004370)

Labidostom[m]a sp. Acari; Acariformes [Trombidiformes]; Eupodina; Labidostomatoidea; Labidostomatidae

Leptotrombidium pallidum. Acari; Acariformes [Trombidiformes]; Anystina; Parasitengona; Trombiculoidea; Trombiculidae
Complete genome. Source: Shao et al. 2005. J. Mol. Biol. (Accession NC_007177)

Ornithodoros moubata. Acari; Parasitiformes; Ixodida; Ixodoidea; Argasidae; Ornithodorinae
Genome: Whole. Source: Shao et al. 2004. Insect. Mol. Biol. (Accession NC_005291)
(Note: O. porcinus released Mitani et al. 2004. Microb. Imm. (Accession NC_005820)

Platynothrus peltifer. Acari; Acariformes [Sarcoptiformes]; Oribatida; Desmonomata; Crotonioidea; Camisiidae

Rhipicephalus sanguinus. Acari; Parasitiformes; Ixodida; Ixodoidea; Argasidae; Ornithodorinae
Complete genome. Source: Black and Roehrdanz 1998. MBE (Accession NC_002074)

Varroa destructor. Acari; Parasitiformes; Mesostigmata; Dermanyssina; Dermanyssoidea; Varroidae
Complete genome. Source: Navajas et al. 2004. MBE (Accession NC_004454)
(Note: Another genome released by Evans and Lopez 2002. Exp. Appl. Acarol. Accession AY163547)

ORDER AMBLYPYGI: (Whip Spiders)

Phrynus sp. Amblypygi; Phrynidae
Complete genome. Source: Masta and Boore 2008. Mol. Biol. Evol. (Accession NC_010775)

Phrynus sp. AH-2005. Amblypygi; Phrynidae
Complete genome. Source: Hassanin, Leger and Deutsch. 2005. MBE. (Accession AY731172)

ORDER ARANEAE: (Spiders)

Calisoga longitarsis (Formerly misidentified as Aphonopelma sp.) Araneae; Mygalomorphae; Nemesiidae;
Complete genome. Source: Masta and Boore 2008. Mol. Biol. Evol. (Accession NC_010780)

Argiope bruennchi. Araneae; Araneomorphae; Entelegynae; Orbicularia; Araneoidea; Araneidae
Complete genome. Source: Hassanin, Leger, and Deutsch. 2005. MBE. (Accession AY731171)

Habronattus oregonensis. Araneae; Araneomorphae; Entelegynae; Dionycha; Salticidae; Salticoida; Pelleninae
Complete genome. Source: Masta and Boore 2004. MBE (Accession NC_005942)

Haplopelma huwenum. Araneae; Mygalomorphae; Theraphosidae; Ornithoctoninae
Ornithoctonus huwena [Transfered to Haplopelma: V. Von Wirth & B. Striffler (2005) Arthropoda. Seite 2:2-27. Pdf ]
Complete genome. Source: Qiu et al. 2005. JME (Accession NC_005925)

Heptathela hangzhouensis. Araneae; Mesothelae; Heptathelidae
Complete genome. Source: Qiu et al. 2005. JME (Accession NC_005924)

Hypochilus thorelli. Araneae; Araneomorphae; Hypochilidae
Complete genome. Source: Masta and Boore 2008. Mol. Biol. Evol. (Accession NC_010777)

ORDER OPILIONES: (Harvestmen)

Chileogovea oedipus. Opiliones; Cyphophthalmi; Temperophthalmi; Sironoidea; Pettalidae

Phalangium opilio. Opiliones; Palpatores; Phalangioidea; Phalangiidae; Phalangiinae
Complete genome. Source: Masta and Boore 2008. Mol. Biol. Evol. (Accession NC_010766)

ORDER PALPIGRADI: (Micro-whip Scorpions)

Prokoenenia wheeleri. Palpigradi. Prokoeneniidae

ORDER PSEUDOSCORPIONES: (Pseudoscorpions)

Apochthonius sp. Pseudoscorpiones; Epiocheirata; Chthonioidea; Chthoniidae.

Pseudogarypus banksi. Pseudoscorpiones; Epiocheirata; Feaelloidea

ORDER RICINULEI: (Hooded Tickspiders)

Cryptocellus centralis. Ricinulei; Ricinoididae.

ORDER SCHIZOMIDA: (Schizomids)

Hubbardia sp.; Schizomida

ORDER SCORPIONES: (Scorpions)

Buthus occitanus. Scorpiones; Buthida; Buthoidea; Buthidae
Complete genome. Source: Masta and Boore 2008. Mol. Biol. Evol. (Accession NC_010765)

Centruroides limpidus. Scorpiones; Buthida; Buthoidea; Buthidae
Complete genome. Source: Davila et al. 2005. Gene (Accession NC_006896)

Euscorpius flavicaudis. Scorpiones; Iurida; Chactoidea; Euscorpiidae; Euscorpiinae
Partial genome. Source: Hassanin, Leger, and Deutsch. 2005. MBE. (Accession AY731175)

Mesobuthus gibbosus. Scorpiones; Buthida; Buthoidea; Buthidae
Partial genome. Source: Gantenbein-Ritter et al. 2005. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Accession. NC_006515)

Uroctonus mordax. Scorpiones; Iurida; Chactoidea; Chactidae
Complete genome. Source: Masta and Boore 2008. Mol. Biol. Evol. (Accession NC_ 010782)

ORDER SOLIFUGAE: (Sun-spiders)

Eremobates palpisetulosus. Solifugae; Eremobatidae
Complete genome. Source: Masta et al. 2008. Gene. (Accession NC_010779)

ORDER THELYPHONIDA (UROPYGI): (Vinegaroons/Whip-Scorpions)

Mastigoproctus giganteus. Uropygi; Thelyphonida; Mastigoproctinae
Complete genome. Source: Masta and Boore. 2008. Mol. Biol. Evol. (Accession NC_010430)
Genome: Partial. Source: Hassanin, Leger, and Deutsch. 2005. MBE. (Accession AY731172)

Typopeltis sp.Uropygi; Thelyphonida; Typopeltinae [Taxonomy here]

OUTGROUPS:

Arthropoda: Myriapoda; Chilopoda (centipedes)

Lithobius forficatus. Myriapoda; Chilopoda; Pleurostigmophora; Lithobiomorpha; Lithobiidae
Complete genome. Source: Lavrov et al. 2000. PNAS. (Accession NC_002629)
(Note: Another genome released by Hwang et al. 2001. Nature. (Accession AJ270997)

Scutigera coleoptrata. Myriapoda; Chilopoda; Notostigmophora; Scutigeromorpha; Scutigeridae
Complete genome. Source: Negrisolo et al. 2004. MBE. (Accession NC_005870)

Arthropoda: Myriapoda; Diplopoda (millipedes)

Narceus annularus. Myriapoda; Diplopoda; Helminthomorpha; Spirobolidae
Complete genome. Source: Lavrov, Boore and Brown. 2002. MBE. (Accession NC_003343)

Thyropygus sp. DVL-2001. Myriapoda; Diplopoda; Helminthomorpha; Spirostreptida; Harpagophoridae
Complete genome. Source: Lavrov, Boore and Brown. 2002. MBE. (Accession NC_003344)