Books on Structural Equations

Structural Equation Modeling Books
© 2001-2010 Jason T. Newsom
Last Updated: March 17, 2010

This page on SEM books was originally developed and donated by Joel West, who deserves all the credit. Errors are my responsibility, however.

This list is not intended to be exhaustive. Apologies for a likely bias toward books published in English and most recent editions.

Searching is low tech for now. Use your browser to find topics (IN ALL CAPS for case sensitive searches), authors, or just browse.

Table of contents: GENERAL, LATENT GROWTH CURVE MODELS, EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS, SOFTWARE SPECIFIC (AMOS, EQS, LISREL, MPLUS, OTHER SOFTWARE), PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES, MULTIVARIATE TEXTS WITH SEM CHAPTERS.

Want something added? Drop me a line (in APA format with ISBN please) at newsomj@pdx.edu

For a list of journal articles and book chapters, see the SEMrefs page. To obtain these books, see this extensive list of US Publishers.

GENERAL

Aigner, Dennis J. and Arthur S. Goldberger, eds. (1977). Latent variables in socio-economic models. Amsterdam: North-Holland. ISBN: 0-720405262

Arminger, Gerhard, Clifford C. Clogg and Michael E. Sobel, eds. (1995). Handbook of statistical modeling for the social and behavioral sciences. New York : Plenum Press. ISBN: 030644805X.

Bagozzi, Richard P. (1979). Causal Models in Marketing. New York: John Wiley. ISBN: 0-471-01516-4.

Bartholomew, David J. (1987). Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

Berkane, Maia, ed. (1997). Latent variable modeling and applications to causality. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 0-387-94917-8.

Bollen, Kenneth A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: John Wiley. ISBN: 0-4710-1171-1.

Bollen, Kenneth A. and J. Scott Long. (1993). Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications. ISBN: 08039-4506-X; 0-8039-4507-8 (pbk.)

Collins, L. M., & Horn, J.L., eds. (1991). Best methods for analysis of change: Recent advances, unanswered questions, future directions. ISBN: 1-55798-310-0.

Collins, L.M., & Sayer, A.G., eds. (1991). New methods for the analysis of change. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. (ISBN: 1557987548).

Cudeck, R., DuToit, S., & Sorbom, D. (Eds.). (2001). Structural equation modeling: Present and future. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International. ISBN-10: 0894980491 ISBN-13: 978-0894980497

Cuttance, P., & Ecob, R. (Eds.). (2009). Structural modeling by example: Applications in educational, sociological, and behavioral research (1^st ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN-10: 0521115248 ISBN-13: 978-0521115247

Davey, A., & Savla, J. (2009). Statistical power with missing data: A structural equation modeling approach. New York: Routledge. ISBN-10: 0805863699 ISBN-13: 978-0805863697

de Toledo Vieira, M. (2009). Analysis of longitudinal survey data: Allowing for the complex survey design in covariance structure models. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag. ISBN-10: 3639202953 ISBN-13: 978-3639202953

Duncan, Otis Dudley (1975). Introduction to structural equation models. New York: Academic Press. ISBN: 0-1222-41509.

Everitt, Brian. (1984). An Introduction to Latent Variable Models. London: Chapman & Hall. ISBN: 0-4122-5310-0.

Goldberger, Arthur S. and Otis Dudley Duncan, eds. (1973). Structural equation models in the social sciences. New York: Seminar Press/Harcourt Brace. ISBN: 0-1283-9950-3.

Grace, J. B. (2006). Structural equation modeling and natural systems. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN-10: 0521546532 ISBN-13: 978-0521546539

Glymour, C. (2001). The mind's arrows. Cambridge, Massachusets: MIT Press.

Hagen, Klaus, David J. Bartholomew and Manfred Deistler, eds. (1993). Statistical Modelling and Latent Variables. Amsterdam: North-Holland. ISBN: 0-444898328

Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (Eds.). (2006). Structural equation modeling: A second course. Greenwich, CT: IAP. ISBN-10: 1593110154 ISBN-13: 978-1593110154

Heinen, Ton. (1993). Discrete Latent Variable Models. Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University Press. ISBN: 9036197538

Hoyle, Rick H., ed. (1995). Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0-8039-5317-8; 0-8039-5318-6 (pbk.)

Jöreskog, Karl G. and Dag Sörbom (1979). Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models. Edited by Jay Magidson. Cambridge, Mass.: Abt Books. ISBN: 0-8901-1535-4.

Jöreskog, Karl G. and Herman Wold, eds. (1982). Systems under indirect observation: causality, structure, prediction. Vol. I, II. Amsterdam: North-Holland. ISBN: 0-44486301X (set)

Kaplan, David (2000). Structural Equation Modeling: Foundations and Extensions. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.

Kaplan, D. W. (2008). Structural equation modeling: Foundations and extensions (2^nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN-13: 978-1412916240

Kline, Rex B., ed. (1998). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: Guilford Press; ISBN: 1-57230-337-9. (pbk.)

Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2^nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. ISBN-10: 1593850751 ISBN-13: 978-1593850753

Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3^rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. ISBN-10: 1606238760 ISBN-13: 978-1606238769

Lee, S.-Y. (2007). Structural equation modeling: A bayesian approach (1^st ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN-10: 0470024232 ISBN-13: 978-0470024232

Little, Todd D., Kai-U. Schnabel and Jürgen Baumert, eds. (2000). Modeling longitudinal multilevel data: Practical issues, applied approaches, and specific examples. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-3054-5.

Loehlin, John C. (1987). Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8985-9963-6; 0-8985-9965-2 (pbk.)

Loehlin, John C. (1992). Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-1083-8; 0-8058-1084-6

Loehlin, John C. (1998). Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis. 3rd ed. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-2830-3 (cloth); 0-8058-2831-1 (pbk.).

Loehlin, J. C. (2004). Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis (4^th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. ISBN-10: 0805849106 ISBN-13: 978-0805849103

Long, J. Scott (1983). Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Preface to LISREL. Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, Vol. 33. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0-8039-2044-X

Marcoulides, George A. (1998). Modern Methods for Business Research.Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-2677-7.

Marcoulides, George A. and Randall E. Schumacker, eds. (1996) Advanced Structural Equation Modeling: Issues and Techniques. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-1819-7.

Maruyama, Geoffrey (1997). Basics of Structural Equation Modeling. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0-8039-7408-6; 0-8039-7409-4 (pbk.).
Mulaik, S. A. (2009). Linear causal modeling with structural equations (1^st ed.). Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN-10: 1439800383 ISBN-13: 978-1439800386

Neale, Michael C. and Cardon, Lon R. (1992). Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press. ISBN 0-7923-1874-9.

Pearl, Judea (2000). Causality: models, reasoning, and inference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0521773628.

Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, reasoning and inference (2^nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN-10: 052189560X ISBN-13: 978-0521895606

Pugesek, B. H., Tomer, A., & von Eye, A. (Eds.). (2009). Structural equation modeling: Applications in ecological and evolutionary biology (1^st ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN-10: 0521104025 ISBN-13: 978-0521104029

Raykov, Tenko and George A. Marcoulides. (2000). A first course in structural equation modeling. Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-3568-7; 0-8058-3569-5 (pbk)

Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2006). A first course in structural equation modeling (2^nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. ISBN-10: 0805855882 ISBN-13: 978-0805855883

Schumacker, Randall E. and George A. Marcoulides (1998). Advanced Structural Equation Modeling: Interaction Models. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-2950-4 (cloth); 0-8058-2951-2 (pbk).

Schumacker, Randall E. and George A. Marcoulides, eds. (1998). Interaction And Non-Linear Effects In Structural Equation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-2950-4 (cloth); 0-8058-2951-2 (pbk).

Schumacker, Randall E. and R.G. Lomax. (1996). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-1766-2; 0-8058-1767-0 (pbk.).

Skrondal, A. and Rabe-Hesketh, S. (2004). Generalized Latent Variable Modeling: Multilevel, Longitudinal and Structural Equation Models. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.

Structural equation modeling: Webster’s timeline history, 1985-2007. (2009). San Diego, CA: Icon Group. ISBN-10: 0546748155 ISBN-13: 978-0546748154

Teo, T., & Khine, M. S. (Eds.). (2009). Structural equation modeling in educational research: Concepts and applications. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense. ISBN-10: 9087907877 ISBN-13: 978-9087907877

Toyoda, H. (Ed.). (2003). Covariance structure analysis techniques – structural equation modeling. Tokyo: Asakura. ASIN: B00279BEDO (Japanese)

von Eye, Alexander and Clifford C. Clogg, eds. (1994). Latent variables analysis: applications for developmental research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0-8039-5330-5 (cloth); 0-8039-5331-3 (pbk.)

LATENT GROWTH CURVE MODELS

Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., & Strycker, L. A. (2006). An introduction to latent variable growth curve modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (2^nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. ISBN-10: 0805855475 ISBN-13: 978-0805855470

Bollen, K. A., & Curran, P. J. (2006). Latent curve models: A structural equation perspective (1^st ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN-10: 047145592X

ISBN-13: 978-0471455929

Preacher, K. J., Wichman, A. L., MacCallum, R. C., & Briggs, N. E. (2008). Latent growth curve modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN-10: 1412939550 ISBN-13: 978-1412939553

Singer, J. D., & Willett, J.B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York: Oxford University Press.

FACTOR ANALYSIS, EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS,CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS

Basilevsky, Alexander (1994). Statistical factor analysis and related methods: theory and applications. New York: John Wiley. ISBN: 0-471-57082-6.

Brown, T.A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for Applied Research. New York: Guilford Press.

Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2^nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gorsuch, Richard L. (1983). Factor analysis. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8985-9202-X.

Harman, Harry Horace (1976). Modern factor analysis. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 0-22631652-1.

JöreskogMulaik, Stanley A. (1971). The foundations of factor analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill [c1972]. ISBN: 0-07043980-X.

Reyment, Richard A.and Karl G. Jöreskog. (1993). Applied factor analysis in the natural sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0-521412420.

Rummel, R. J. (1970). Applied factor analysis. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1970. ISBN: 0-810102544.

Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis : Understanding concepts and applications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

SOFTWARE SPECIFIC

AMOS

Arbuckle, James (1997). AMOS Users' Guide Version 3.6. Smallwaters Corporation. (ISBN: 1-56827-125-5)

Blunch, N. (2008). Introduction to structural equation modelling using spss and amos. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN-10: 1412945577 ISBN-13: 978-1412945578

Byrne, B.M. (2009). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

Kano, Yutaka (1997). Amos, Eqs, Lisrel niyoru gurafikaru tahenryo kaiseki: me de miru kyobunsan-kouzou-bunseki [Graphical Multivariate Analysis with Amos, Eqs and Lisrel: A Visual Approach to Covariance Structure Analysis]. Kyoto: Gendai-Sugakusha. ISBN: 4-7687-0246-5.

Weiber, R., & Mühlhaus, D. (2009). Strukturgleichungsmodellierung: Eine anwendungsorientierte einführung in die kausalanalyse mit hilfe von amos, smartpls und spss (1^st ed.) [Structural equation modeling: An application-oriented introduction to causation analysis using amos, smartpls and spss]. Berlin: Springer. ISBN-10: 3642028764 ISBN-13: 978-3642028762

EQS

Bentler, Peter M. (1985). Theory and implementation of EQS: a structural equations program. Version 2.0. Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software.

Bentler, Peter M. (1989). EQS Structural Equations Program Manual. Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software.

Bentler, Peter M. (1995). EQS Structural Equations Program Manual. Encino, Calif.: Multivariate Software. ISBN: 1-885898-02-9.

Byrne, B.M. (2006). Structural equation modeling with EQS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.

Dunn, Graham, Brian Everitt and Andrew Pickles (1993). Modelling Covariances and Latent Variables using EQS. London: Chapman & Hall. ISBN: 0-412-48990-2.

Kano, Yutaka (1997). Amos, Eqs, Lisrel niyoru gurafikaru tahenryo kaiseki: me de miru kyobunsan-kouzou-bunseki [Graphical Multivariate Analysis with Amos, Eqs and Lisrel: A Visual Approach to Covariance Structure Analysis]. Kyoto: Gendai-Sugakusha. ISBN: 4-7687-0246-5.

Mueller, Ralph O. (1995). Basic principles of structural equation modelling: an introduction to LISREL and EQS. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 0-387-94516-4

Mueller, R. O. (1999). Basic principles of structural modeling: An introduction to lisrel and eqs (Corr. ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN-10: 0387945164 ISBN-13: 978-0387945163

Weiber, R., & Mühlhaus, D. (2009). Strukturgleichungsmodellierung: Eine anwendungsorientierte einführung in die kausalanalyse mit hilfe von amos, smartpls und spss (1^st ed.) [Structural equation modeling: An application-oriented introduction to causation analysis using amos, smartpls and spss]. Berlin: Springer. ISBN-10: 3642028764 ISBN-13: 978-3642028762

LISREL

Boomsma, Anne. (1983). On the robustness of LISREL (maximum likelihood estimation) against small sample size and non-normality. Amsterdam: Sociometric Research Foundation.

Byrne, Barbara M. (1989). A Primer of LISREL: Basic Applications and Programming for Confirmatory Factor Analytic Models. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 0-387-96972-1.

Byrne, B.M. (1998). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.

Byrne, Barbara M. (1998). Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-2924-5.

Hayduk, Leslie Alec. (1987). Structural Equation Modeling With LISREL: Essentials and Advances. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN: 0-801834783 (alk. Paper).

Hayduk, Leslie Alec. (1996). LISREL issues, debates, and strategies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN: 0-801853362.

Jöreskog, Karl G. and Dag Sörbom. (1978). LISREL IV: analysis of linear structural relationships by the method of maximum likelihood. Chicago: National Educational Resources.

Jöreskog, Karl G. and Dag Sörbom. (1984). LISREL VI: Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships by Maximum Likelihood, Instrumental Variables, and Least Squares Methods. 3rd ed. Mooresville, Ind.: Scientific Software. ISBN: 0-8949-8024-6.

Jöreskog, Karl G. and Dag Sörbom. (1989). LISREL 7: A Guide to the Program and Applications. Chicago, Ill.: SPSS. ISBN: 0-9184-6994-5.

Jöreskog, Karl G. and Dag Sörbom. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058 1441-8; 0-8058-1442-6 (pbk.)

Kelloway, E. Kevin. (1998). Using LISREL for structural equation modeling: a researcher's guide. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0-7619-0625-8; 0-7619-0626-6 (pbk.)

Long, J. Scott. (1983). Covariance Structure Models: An Introduction to LISREL. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0-8039-2045-8 (pbk.)

Mueller, Ralph O. (1995). Basic principles of structural equation modelling: an introduction to LISREL and EQS. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 0-387-94516-4

Mueller, R. O. (1999). Basic principles of structural modeling: An introduction to lisrel and eqs (Corr. ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN-10: 0387945164 ISBN-13: 978-0387945163

Saris, Willem E. and L. Henk Stronkhorst (1984). Causal modelling in nonexperimental research: an introduction to the LISREL approach. Amsterdam: Sociometric Research Foundation.

SPSS Inc. (1990). SPSS LISREL 7 and PRELIS: User’s Guide and Reference. Chicago: SPSS. ISBN: 0-918469708.

MPLUS

Muthen, L.K., & Muthen, B.O. (1999). Mplus user’s guide (version 2.0). Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.

OTHER SOFTWARE

Hatcher, Larry (1994). A Step-by-Step Approach to Using the SAS System for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute. ISBN: 1-55544-643-4.

Muthen, Bengt (1988). LISCOMP: analysis of linear structural equations with a comprehensive measurement model: a program for advanced research. 2nd ed. Mooresville, Ind.: Scientific Software. ISBN: 0-894980165

Neale, Michael C. (1995). Mx: Statistical Modeling. 3rd ed. Richmond, Va.: Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University.

Scheines, Richard, Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Christopher Meek (1994) TETRAD II: Tools for Discovery. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES

Dijkstra, Taeke Klaas (1985). Latent variables in linear stochastic models: Reflections on "maximum likelihood" and "partial least squares" methods. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Sociometric Research Foundation, 1985. ISBN: 9070947056.

Falk, R. Frank and Nancy B. Miller (1992). A Primer for Soft Modeling. Akron, Ohio: University of Akron Press. ISBN: 0-9622628-4-6.

Lohmöller, Jan-Bernd. (1989). Latent variable path modeling with partial least squares. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 0-387-91363-7.

Noonan, Richard B. (1979). PLS path modelling with latent variables: analysing school survey data using partial least squares. Stockholm: Institute of International Education, University of Stockholm.

Wold, Herman. (1981). The fix-point approach to interdependent systems. Amsterdam: North Holland. ISBN: 0-4448-5451-7.

MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS BOOKS WITH SEM CHAPTERS

Bagozzi, Richard P., ed. (1994). Advanced Methods of Marketing Research. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishers.

Fornell, Claes, ed. (1982). A Second generation of multivariate analysis. Vol I, II. New York: Praeger. ISBN: 0-030616042 (v. 1), 0-030626277 (v. 2), 0-030626323 (set).

Hagenaars, Jacques A. (1990). Categorical Longitudinal Data: Log-Linear Panel, Trend, and Cohort Analysis. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0-8039-2957-9 (cloth); 0-8039-5898-6 (pbk.).

Hair, Joseph F., Jr., Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham and William C. Black (1995). Multivariate data analysis: with readings. 4th ed. New York: Prentice-Hall. ISBN: 0-02-349020-9.

James, Lawrence R., Stanley A. Mulaik and Jeanne M. Brett. (1982). Causal analysis: assumptions, models and data. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0-8039-1867-4 (cloth); 0-8039-1868-2 (pbk.).

Kenny, David A. (1979). Correlation and causality. New York: John Wiley. ISBN: 0-471-02439-2.

Kmenta, Jan and James B. Ramsey, eds. (1980). Evaluation of econometric models. New York: Academic Press. ISBN: 0-124165508.

Marcoulides, George A. and Scott L. Hershberger (1997).Multivariate Statistical Methods : A First Course. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: ISBN: 0-8058-2571-1 (cloth); 0-8058-2572-X (pbk.)

Nesselroade, John R and Paul B. Baltes, eds. (1979). Longitudinal research in the study of behavior and development. New York: Academic Press. ISBN: 0-12515660-X.

Sharma, Subhash (1996). Applied multivariate techniques. New York: John Wiley. ISBN 0-471 31064-6.

Tabachnick, Barbara G. and Linda S. Fidell. (1996). Using Multivariate Statistics. 3rd ed. New York: Harper-Collins. ISBN 0-673-99414-7.