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Works of Martin Zwick
Professor Emeritus, Complex Systems Program
Portland State University, Portland OR 97207
zwick@pdx.edu
I
am a professor emeritus of systems science at Portland State University. My
early work in the Department of Biophysics at the University of Chicago was
in crystallography and macromolecular structure. My interests shifted to
systems science, also known as the sciences of complexity,
and after taking a position in the Systems Science Program at PSU in 1976 my
research has primarily been in the areas of discrete multivariate
(information-theoretic) modeling, systems theory and philosophy, and
theoretical biology.
Scientifically,
my focus has been on applying systems ideas and methods to the natural and
social sciences, e.g., to biomedicine and the evolution of cooperation.
Philosophically, my focus has been on how systems ideas relate to classical
and contemporary philosophy, how they offer a bridge between science and
religion, and how they can help us understand societal problems.
In
the summer of 2023, my synthesis of the systems field, Elements and Relations: Aspects of a Scientific
Metaphysics, was published by Springer. Information about
this book, access to some of its contents (including its Index), and links to
seminar videos and course material about it are available here.
My publications, presentations, and other works (except
items marked with #) are archived at PSU’s PDXScholar
and are
grouped below into five categories. All of these categories are encompassed
in Elements and Relations, although this book is primarily about
Systems Theory and Philosophy. Some items fall in more than one category, and
a few items from other authors are added at the end of the DMM list.
To go to the top
of the list of works in a category, click on the category name below.
Discrete Multivariate Modeling (Reconstructability Analysis)
Systems Theory and Philosophy
Theoretical Biology
Macromolecular Structure
Jewish Thought
Discrete
Multivariate Modeling
Information-Theoretic Modeling of Categorical Spatiotemporal GIS
Data (2024)
Machine Learning Predictions of Electricity Capacity (2023)
Data From: Machine Learning Predictions of Electricity Capacity
(2022)
Reconstructability Analysis: Discrete Multivariate Modeling
(slides) (2022)
Graphical Models in Reconstructability Analysis and Bayesian
Networks (2021)
Occam Manual:
Software for Reconstructability Analysis (2021)
Reconstructability Analysis of the Predictors of Physical
Functioning Status in Older Americans by Race and Ethnicity (2021)
Sensitivity Analysis of an Agent-Based Simulation Model Using
Reconstructability Analysis (2020)
Hypergraph Analysis of Structure Models (slides) (2020)
Joint Lattice of Reconstructability Analysis and Bayesian Network
General Graphs (2020)
Reconstructability Analysis and Its Occam Implementation (2020)
OCCAM: Open Source Reconstructability Analysis Software [User’s
manual] (2021)
Enhancing Value-Based Healthcare with Reconstructability
Analysis: Predicting Cost of Care (slides) (2018)
Keyword-Based Patent Citation Prediction Via Information Theory
(2018)
Reconstructability and Dynamics of Elementary Cellular Automata
(slides) (2018)
Beyond Spatial Autocorrelation: A Novel Approach Using
Reconstructability Analysis (slides) (2018)
Introduction to Reconstructability Analysis (slides) (2018)
Preliminary Results of Bayesian Networks and Reconstructability
Analysis Applied to the Electric Grid (slides) (2018)
Statistical Analysis of Network Change (slides) (2018)
Exploratory Reconstructability Analysis of Accident TBI Data
(2018)
Ideas and Graphs: the Tetrad of Activity (2018)
Ideas and Graphs
(NPC) (2017)
Mining Data on Traumatic Brain Injury with Reconstructability
Analysis (2017)
Predicting Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Knee Replacement Surgery
with Reconstructability Analysis (2017)
#Lattice of Four Variable General and Specific Structures (image)
(2017)
#Lattice of Four Variable General Structures Colored by Ordinality
(image) (2016)
Secondary Analysis of Concussion Data (slides) (2016)
Exploratory Modeling of TBI Data (slides) (2016)
Exploratory Data Modeling of Traumatic Brain Injury slides (2015)
Exploring the Application of Reconstructability Analysis to
Behavior Expression Data from a Social Network (2013)
Reconstructability Analysis of Genetic Loci Associated with
Alzheimer Disease (2012)
Reconstructability of Epistatic Functions (2012)
Reconstructability Analysis of Epistasis (2010)
Reconstructability Analysis of Elementary Cellular Automata
(slides) (2010)
Reconstructability Analysis as a Tool For Identifying Gene-Gene
Interactions in Studies of Human Diseases (SAGMB paper) (2010).
Reconstructability Analysis in Biomedical Research (slides)
(2009)
#Reconstructability Analysis Detects Genetic Variation Associated
with Gene Expression (abstract) (2008)
Using Reconstructability Analysis for Input Variable Reduction: A
Business Example (2007)
Binary Decision Diagrams and Crisp Possibilistic
Reconstructability Analysis (2006)
A Short Tutorial on Reconstructability Analysis (slides) (2006)
Combining Linear Regression with Reconstructability Analysis: A
Study of Differences in Health Status (2006)
Application of
Information-Theoretic Data Mining Techniques in a National Ambulatory
Practice Outcomes Research Network (2005)
Reconstructability Analysis as a Tool for Identifying Gene-Gene
Interactions in Studies of Human Diseases (IEEE version) (2005)
Ordering Genetic Algorithm Genomes With Reconstructability
Analysis: Discrete Models (2005)
Reconstructability Analysis and Log-Linear Modeling (slides)
(2005)
Reconstructability Analysis: Theory and Applications [Editorial
Introduction] (2004)
Enhancements to Crisp Possibilistic Reconstructability Analysis
(2004)
A Comparison of Modified Reconstructability Analysis and Ashenhurst‐Curtis
Decomposition of Boolean Functions (2004)
A Software Architecture for Reconstructability Analysis (2004)
An Overview of Reconstructability Analysis (2004)
Directed Extended Dependency Analysis for Data Mining (2004)
Modified Reconstructability Analysis for Many-Valued Functions
and Relations (2004)
Reconstructability Analysis Detection of Optimal Gene Order in
Genetic Algorithms (2004)
Reconstructability Analysis with Fourier Transforms (2004)
Reversible Modified Reconstructability Analysis of Boolean
Circuits and Its Quantum Computation (2004).
State-Based Reconstructability Analysis (2004)
Using Reconstructability Analysis to Select Input Variables for
Artificial Neural Networks (2003)
Ordering Genetic Algorithm Genomes with Reconstructability
Analysis (2003)
Multi-level Decomposition of Probabilistic Relations (2002)
An Information Theoretic Methodology for Prestructuring Neural
Networks (2001)
Wholes and Parts in General Systems Methodology (2001)
State-Based Reconstructability Modeling for Decision Analysis
(2000)
Prestructuring Neural Networks via Extended Dependency Analysis
with Application to Pattern Classification (1999)
Complexity Reduction in State-based Modeling (slides) (1998)
Complexity and Decomposability of Relations (slides) (1997)
Resolution of Local Inconsistency in Identification (slides)
(1997)
#Structure and Dynamics of Cellular Automata (abstract) (1997)
Control Uniqueness in Reconstructability Analysis (1996)
Set-Theoretic Reconstructability of Elementary Cellular Automata
(1995)
Information Theoretic Mask Analysis of Rainfall Time Series Data
(1995)
On Matching ANN Structure to Problem Domain Structure (1993)
An Information
Theoretic Framework for Exploratory Multivariate Market Segmentation Research (1991)
Segment Congruence Analysis Via Information Theory (1986)
#Image Reconstruction from Projections (1973)
Supplementary material
Courses on Reconstructability Analysis
Related works by students or former
students now colleagues
Graphical Models in Reconstructability Analysis and Bayesian
Networks (slides, video) (2021)
Using Information Theory to Extract Patterns from Categorical
Raster Data (2021)
Using GIS Raster Data Analysis with Reconstructability Analysis
Tools (2020)
Application of Reconstructability Analysis to the NW Power Grid (2020)
Statistical Analysis of Social Network Change (slides, video) (2020)
#Binning utility program (Excel) for Occam software (2016)
#Zipped file for R script to display hypergraph RA models (2016)
#RA model visualization with Gephi (2016)
#Extended Dependency Analysis software and documentation (2003)
#Unix masking program to prepare data for Occam time series (1998)
Software related to Occam from a
colleague RA researcher
#Fortran information theory programs by Klaus Krippendorff
(Construc, Spectral) (2014)
Systems Theory and Philosophy
“Tikkun” Viewed from the Perspective of Systems Philosophy (2025)
The Universal and the Unique (2024)
The Basic
Dualism in the World: Object-Oriented Ontology and Systems Theory (Open
Philosophy) (2024)
The Basic Dualism in the World (NPC) (2023)
A Systems
Theoretic View of Speculative Realism (PT) (2024)
Speculative Realism and Systems Metaphysics (video) (2022)
Speculative Realism and Systems Metaphysics (NPC) (slides) (2022)
CSBII Seminar on
Elements and Relations: Aspects of a Scientific Metaphysics (slides, video)
(2023)
ISSS Seminar: An Overview of Elements and Relations: Aspects of a Scientific
Metaphysics (slides, video) (2023)
Words and Diagrams About Rosenstock-Huessy’s Cross of Reality
(2023)
Rosenstock's "Cross of Reality" a Space-Time Framework
for Isomorphisms (slides, video) (2022)
Rosenstock-Huessy’s “Cross of Reality” and Systems Theory (NPC)
(2021)
Polymorphism and Polysemy in Images of the Sefirot (2021)
Words and Diagrams about Rosenzweig's Star (2020)
Diachronics of Redemption: A Systems Theoretic View of
Rosenzweig’s Star (2019)
Rosenzweig’s Star and Systems Theory (2018)
Ideas and Graphs: the Tetrad of Activity (2018)
Ideas and Graphs
(2017)
Freedom as a Natural Phenomenon (FS) (2015)
Freedom as a Natural Phenomenon (NPC) (2012)
Mind and Life: Is the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of
Nature False? (BT) (2015)
Is
the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature False? (NPC) (2013)
The
Mechanisms of Information Integration in Experimental Prediction Markets
(2015)
Systems
Theory and the Metaphysics of Composition (2014)
Levels
of Altruism (BT) (2014)
Levels
of Altruism (SySc seminar) (2012)
Levels
of Altruism (NPC) (2011)
Complexity
Theory and Political Change: Talcott Parsons Occupies Wall Street (2012)
Complexity
Theory and Political Change: Talcott Parsons Occupies Wall Street (slides)
(2012)
Complexity
Theory and Political Change: Talcott Parsons Occupies Wall Street (SySc seminar)
(2012)
Holism
and Human History (2009)
Holism
and Human History (slides, audio) (2010)
Personal
Knowledge and the Inner Sciences (book chapter) (2010)
Personal
Knowledge and the Inner Sciences (talk) (1985)
Symbolic
Structures as Systems: On the Near Isomorphism of Two Religious Symbols
(2010)
The Diagram of the Supreme Pole and the Kabbalistic Tree: On the
Similarity of Two Symbolic Structures (2009)
Systems
Metaphysics: A Bridge from Science to Religion (2007)
Systems
Metaphysics: A Bridge from Science to Religion (slides) (2008)
A
Conversation on Theodicy (2008)
Systems
Ideas and Sustainability (2007)
Spinoza
and Gödel: Causa Sui and Undecidable Truth (2007)
A
Review of Systems: New Paradigms for the Human Sciences (2002)
Understanding
Imperfection (2000)
An
Informal Review of The Crisis of Global Capitalism: A Letter to George Soros
(1999)
Complexity
and the Decomposability of Relations (slides) (1997)
Complexity Theory and Systems Theory (1997)
Towards
an Ontology of Problems (1995)
#An
Information Theory Approach to Measuring Industrial Diversification (1989)
#Entropy and
Other Measures of Industrial Diversification (1987)
#The Effect of
Industrial Diversification on Employment and Income: A Case Study (1987)
Diversity, Growth, and Cyclical Instability: An Information
Theoretic Approach (1985)
Incompleteness,
Negation, Hazard: On the Precariousness of Systems (1984)
Information,
Constraint, and Meaning (1984)
Entropy
Measures in Input-Output Analysis (1982)
Dialectical
Thermodynamics (1981)
Closed Systems Also Show Equifinality (1980)
The Cusp
Catastrophe and the Laws of Dialectics (1979)
Dialectics
and Catastrophe (1978)
Dialectical Laws and Elementary Catastrophes (1978)
Fuzziness
and Catastrophe (1978)
Requisite
Variety and the Second Law (1978)
Quantum Measurement and Gödel's Proof (1978)
Some
Analogies of Hierarchical Order in Biology and Linguistics (1978)
Hierarchical Restructuring
and Catastrophe Theory (1977)
Theoretical Biology
Universal
Biological Motions for Educational Robot Theatre and Games (2021)
Reconstructability
and Dynamics of Elementary Cellular Automata (slides) (2018)
Formalizing
the Panarchy Adaptive Cycle with the Cusp Catastrophe (2017)
Formalizing
the Panarchy Adaptive Cycle with the Cusp Catastrophe (slides) (2017)
Dynamics
of Prebiotic RNA Reproduction Illuminated by Chemical Game Theory (2016)
#Game
Theory Applies to Chemistry (image) (2016)
Mind
and Life: Is the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature False?
(Biological Theory) (2015)
Is
the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature False? (NPC) (2013)
Levels
of Altruism (Biological Theory) (2014)
Levels
of Altruism (SySc seminar) (2012)
Levels
of Altruism (NPC) (2011)
Reconstructability
Analysis of Elementary Cellular Automata (slides) (2010)
The
Evolution of Altruism: Game Theory in Multilevel Selection and Inclusive
Fitness (postprint, slides) (2007)
What's
Wrong with Inclusive Fitness? (2006)
Unifying
the Theories of Inclusive Fitness and Reciprocal Altruism (2006)
Unifying
Reciprocal Altruism and Inclusive Fitness Theories of Altruism (slides)
(2006)
Hamilton's
Rule in Reciprocal Altruism and Symbiosis (slides) (2005)
Hamilton's
Rule Applied to Reciprocal Altruism (2004)
Ordering
Genetic Algorithm Genomes With Reconstructability Analysis: Discrete Models
(2005)
Strong
Altruism Can Evolve in Randomly Formed Groups (2004)
Reconstructability
Analysis Detection of Optimal Gene Order in Genetic Algorithms (2004)
Altruism,
the Prisoner's Dilemma, and the Components of Selection (2001)
Simpson's
Paradox Can Emerge from the N-Player Prisoner's Dilemma: Implications for the
Evolution of Altruistic Behavior (2000)
N-Player
Prisoner's Dilemma in Multiple Groups : A Model of Multilevel Selection
(2000)
Effect
of Environmental Structure on Evolutionary Adaptation (1998)
#Structure
and Dynamics of Cellular Automata (abstract) (1997)
Dependence
of Adaptability on Environmental Structure in a Simple Evolutionary Model
(1996)
Global
Optimization Studies on the 1-D Phase Problem (1996)
Set-Theoretic
Reconstructability of Elementary Cellular Automata (1995)
Variance
and Uncertainty Measures of Population Diversity Dynamics (1995)
Diversity
Dynamics in Static Resource Models (1995)
#Dynamics
of Diversity in an Evolving Population (1992)
Application
of the Genetic Algorithm to a Simplified Form of the Phase Problem (1982)
Macromolecular Structure
Global
Optimization Studies on the 1-D Phase Problem (1996)
Improving
Crystallographic Macromolecular Images: The Real-Space Approach (1987)
Application
of the Genetic Algorithm to a Simplified Form of the Phase Problem (1982)
#Improving
and Extending the Phases of Medium- and Low-Resolution Macromolecular (1981)
#Phase
Improvement by Density Modification in Three Large Structures abstract (1981)
Electron
Microscopy of Fibers and Discs of Hemoglobin S Having Sixfold Symmetry (1977)
#Enhancing
the Power of Density Modification (1976)
#The
Use of Symmetry with the Fast Fourier Algorithm (1974)
#Image
Reconstruction from Projections (1973)
#Method
for the Extension and Refinement of Crystallographic Protein Phases Utilizing
the Fast Fourier Transform (1971)
New
Computer Methods for Protein Crystallography (1968)
Computer
Graphics in Macromolecular Chemistry (1968)
Jewish Thought (see
also my Ohr Chadash site, which includes abstracts)
“Tikkun” Viewed from the Perspective of Systems Philosophy (2025)
Mussar
and Esotericism in Revolutionary Russia (2024)
Polymorphism
and Polysemy in Images of the Sefirot (2021)
Words
and Diagrams about Rosenzweig's Star (2020)
Jewish
Mussar and Confucian Self-Cultivation (2019)
Diachronics
of Redemption: A Systems Theoretic View of Rosenzweig’s Star (2019)
Rosenzweig’s
Star and Systems Theory (2018)
Mussar
(a short historical perspective) and Spinoza (2016)
Mussar
and the Renewal of Judaism (2011)
Symbolic
Structures as Systems: On the Near Isomorphism of Two Symbolic Structures
(2010)
The
Diagram of the Supreme Pole and the Kabbalistic Tree: On the Similarity of
Two Symbolic Structures (2009)
A
Conversation on Theodicy (2008)
Thoughts
on Some Shabbat Prayers (2002)
©
Copyright 2025 Martin Zwick
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