food chain
inflow from source and/or outflow to sink that's not counted as part of the system
examples:
food energy in - growth, death to predators or decay, heat out
energy for moving a car- physical work done and heat out
link - power and loading
maximum power hypothesis from systems ecology
might lead to pulsing
a. food chain
10% transfer & 90% loss at each step
conversion between mass of food and energy
Kcal/g dry weight of food
carbohydrates and protein -- 4 Kcal/g
fats -- 9 Kcal/g
all connected flows and stocks have to be in the same units
b. think about how to draw a single component of the model
food energy in --> animal grows and waste energy out
such as:
c. linking these together
d. this would be the same structure for many types of model
a. energy content and carbon
follow material separately from energy, but they are linked
simple community model (producers, consumers, recyclers)
this descriptive diagram (would need more details to be implemented)
b. nitrogen and phosphorus
c. metal ores
cadmium is a significant contaminant in zinc ore
any use of zinc will result in putting cadmium into the ecosystem
