Lecture 2: Paradigms and paradigm shifts
Presentation
- Historical paradigms
- different views of why they shift
- paradigm shifts in ecology and natural resource management
- destined- like industry, alignment of external forces and context (Muir 2000)
- technology opens up new areas - progress in civilization follows technological innovations (need a good reference for this argument)
- burden of un-explainable
anomalies builds up
- limiting old paradigm (Primack and Abrams)
- environmental science changes require institutional innovation (Homer-Dixon)
- innovation as a part of economic growth (Schumpeter, Solow)
- creative destruction
- complexity of society may drive new social/technological/scientific innovations
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Activities
- Discuss: What to do when you are in a paradigm shift
- if you are a tenured professor
- if you are getting tenure
- if you are a PhD student
- if you are in an agency or a "user" of scientific information
- How should you adapt to different definitions of "truth"
- research - curiosity based
- agency - definition of "best available science"
- law
- NRC identified this as a central problem in the Klamath
- decision thresholds
- What if your specific project really matters - i.e. there is an impending deadline or threshold?
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Follow-up notes
from the discussion
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