know the terminology
acetal, hemiacetal, ketal, hemiketal, protecting group
understand how the polarity of the carbonyl group leads to nucleophilic addition reactions
recognize how acid or base catalysis assists nucleophilic addition reactions
recognize the relative reactivity expected for aldehydes or ketones
(steric hindrance / conjugation effects)
be able to name various aldehydes and ketones
write products of oxidation or reduction reactions involving aldehydes or ketones
write products of nucleophilc additions to carbonyl compounds:
water --> hydrates
alcohols --> hemiacetals, acetals
amines --> imines
hydrides --> alcohols
organometallics --> larger alcohols (with a new C-C bond)
write mechanisms for nucleophilic addition reactions, with acid or base catalysis
create a synthetic sequence to prepare a given target molecule,
especially including Grignard additions