1. (15 points) One of the key reactions in photosynthesis is the step in which a molecule of CO2 is taken up and incorporated into molecules that are then converted into larger carbohydrates.
Examine the reactions below and follow the pathway of all six carbon atoms (number them) through the sequence.
Is an oxidation or reduction involved?
Add what would be needed to balance the above reactions.
2. (15 points) During the biosynthesis of fatty acids, a Claisen condensation is carried out to create a larger carbon chain from smaller ones.
Assuming that your enzyme catalyst can do what NaOEt does in a normal Claisen condensation, write a complete mechanism for the reaction above.
3. (15 points) Write a complete mechanism for the acid-catalyzed formation of an acetal, shown below. Show all intermediates and all resonance forms.
4. (5 points) Pick any molecule you'd like and explain how its chemical structure makes it well-suited for its biological function.