Chemistry 332 - Spring 1996
Elements of Organic Chemistry II


Quiz, Chapter 14 - Carbohydrates



1. (4 points) Write a Haworth diagram and a chair structure for alpha-D-galactopyranose. Galactose differs from glucose only at C-4.





2. (4 points) D-Fructose is a ketohexose that assumes mainly a furanose structure in solution (shown below). Number the carbons in the ring, deduce what the open-chain form of D-fructose must look like (in the standard Fischer projections), and compare its structure with that of D-glucose.


D-fructose is identical to D-glucose at carbons 3,4,5, and 6, and they differ at carbons 1 and 2 (fructose is a ketose and glucose is an aldose).



3. (2 points) Decide whether or not D-galactose and D-fructose are reducing sugars.

D-galactose - YES (it is an aldose)

D-fructose - NO (it is a ketose)