Carbohydrates
Knowledge - Level 1
know the names and structures of the most common carbohydrates:
glyceraldehyde, glucose, ribose, fructose
cellulose, starch, sucrose
know the terminology:
aldose, ketose, triose, tetrose, pentose, etc.
pyranose, furanose, glycoside
anomer, epimer
D, L configuration
alditol, aldonic acid, aldaric acid
reducing sugar
monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
Concepts - Level 2
understand the interconversion of anomeric hemiacetal forms (mutarotation)
understand the possible linkages between monosaccharides to make di-
and polysaccharides
Applications - Level 3
classify carbohydrates according to the terminolgy above
use Fischer projections to show stereochemistry
write open-chain sugars with Fischer projections
write cyclic sugars with Haworth projections or chair structures
write di- and polysaccharides with various glycoside linkages
Analytical Skills - Level 4 & higher
predict products from reactions of sugars
OH substitutions: esters, ethers, glycosides
reductions: alditols
oxidations: aldonic acids, aldaric acids
structure - function correlations:
recognize how structural features lead to differences in physical and
chemical properties and make particular molecules suitable for particular
functions
