Organic Chemistry III

Professor Carl C. Wamser

Carbonyl Compounds

Knowledge - Level 1

Terminology:

acetal, hemiacetal, ketal, hemiketal
cyanohydrin, Wittig reagent, ylid
imine, oxime, hydrazone
Baeyer-Villager oxidation

Concepts - Level 2

understand how the polarity of the carbonyl group leads to nucleophilic addition reactions

recognize how acid or base catalysis assists nucleophilic addition reactions

recognize the relative reactivity expected for aldehydes or ketones
(steric hindrance / conjugation effects)

Applications - Level 3

be able to name various aldehydes and ketones

write products of oxidation or reduction reactions involving aldehydes or ketones

recognize appropriate reagents to carry out a specific reaction

write products of nucleophilc additions to carbonyl compounds:

water --> hydrates
alcohols --> hemiacetals, acetals
amines --> imines
hydrides --> alcohols
organometallics --> larger alcohols (with a new C-C bond)
Wittig reagents --> alkenes

Analytical Skills - Level 4

write mechanisms for nucleophilic addition reactions, with acid or base catalysis

Synthetic Skills - Level 5

create a synthetic sequence to prepare a given target molecule