Which of the following best describes catastrophism?
(a) it is the idea that observations are needed to create hypotheses
which can be tested.
(b) it is a generally accepted theory.
(c) it is an explanation for how and why things happen.
(d) it is the idea that the processes we see operating today are mainly
responsible for shaping Earth's surface.
(e) it is the idea that sudden, violent, and rare events are mainly
responsible for shaping Earth's surface.