ten_models.htm
May 18, 1999
What are the different mechanisms by which algae could regulate their metabolic activities and cellular composition in response to a fluctuating environment? How do these models for their regulation compare?
Not all of these models can be justified and the behaviors of some models may overlap.
Different species could be using different underlying logic for response to environmental cues.
model | description | example |
0. No response |
cells don't respond to environmental cues very strongly cells may have constitutive regulation of major components |
hypothesized for cyanobacteria in mixed waters |
1. dynamic - optimizing |
feedback control regulates both the activity of the components and the quantity of the components this would be the most likely model STELLA models for this |
optimization algorithms such as this can be compared to Shuter's model |
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dynamic models can be made to oscillate this might be a subset of 1 |
NADH being produced in glycolysis |
2. shift up/shift down |
this also is a subset of the dynamic optimization model simple dynamic models can show this behavior without over-riding genetic parameters cells have some global regulators that set the region of metabolism, normal gene and enzyme feedback type controls work as well |
starvation response |
3. differentiation |
some unicelluar algae differentiate in response to fluctuation in environmental cues there would be imposed variability in cell types |
diatoms cell size cyanobacteria (heterocysts, vegetative, single cell to colony forming transition |
4. stochastic or contrarian |
cells could have random generators that push individuals to have a particular metabolism that is independent of what the current or past cues would indicate this would be a good survival mechanism but would have trouble in a competitive environment C & S strategies are competitive - R strategy may be more designed for survival? |
genetic models for transposons |
5. weighted response/fuzzy logic |
instead of being based on Boolean logic, there could be a weighted response to the logic fuzzy logic is fundamentally different than weighted Boolean, but that might be difficult to work with in these scenarios |
getting to be like a network response |
6. network |
the regulation could be based more on the network and connections as a complex system than indicators of flow and feedback complex systems (such as N-K networks) can display jumps between basins that have major significance in the outcomes but are due to only slight changes in the logic these systems could be similar to the shift up/shift down, the differentiating cell or the fuzzy logic models |
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7. self-awareness |
one of the basic assumptions in reductionist biology is that there is no general sensory mechanism for the current state, that has to be a synthesis of the individual metabolic cues cells could be programmed to maintain their flux capacity in a certain range, this would lead to the cells having a "goal" rather than converging on an optimum |
flux capacity could be detected as some quantity such as the redox potential of intermediates in photosynthesis rather than the amount of NADPH produced cells divide when they reach a preset size |
8. predictive |
cells might be able to predict some aspects of their environment there maybe patterns in the chaos/turbulence that can be detected - although I'm not specifying how this might happen |
circadian rythms are a simple example
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9. fields and gradients |
cells might respond to their position in a field or chemical gradient fields could be set up between algae of the same species (although I don't exactly know how this would happen except for a chemical gradient). |
light field gravity, magnetic, temperature or other field
hormones or some indicator chemical triggers switch from single to colonial forms as response to predation |
10. cell to cell communication | Cells communicate with each other using hormones | cAMP and CO2 fixation (Francko abstracts) |
11. groups of cells as an individual |
connection between cells to form an organism/individual water column would be made up of distinct individuals (each individual made up of cells that are unconnected in 3D) only suggestion is that this happens in another dimension (other than 3 dimentional space, such as through string theory) |
I am exploring the use of models in understanding algal physiology in a work-in-progress "three models". This paper focuses more on what we can learn by comparing highly descriptive models, dynamic simulation models, and network models for metabolism. Each model has something to contribute to our understanding.