This list covers from lecture 5 to 8 and the reading.
This list
will be covered by quiz 2.
| LECT | READING |
WORD or |
DEFINITION |
| 5 | easy problem | information is available and most everyone agrees to the solution | |
| 5 | information problem | requires more research to make a good answer | |
| 5 | Common pool resource | simple concepts but mis-aligned values, usually best addressed with localized, community institutions | |
| 5 | wicked problem | need more information, values may change, never really solved | |
| 5 | institutions | human social structures that allow us to integrate knowledge and decisions to solve a community problem | |
| 5 | toxic cyanobacteria | blue green algae that create liver or neuro toxins | |
| 5 | water pollution is a form of using | water pollution accounts for a large loss of usable surface and groundwater loss | |
| hydro cycle | compartments and flows | compartments = groundwater, saltwater, freshwater, rivers, atmosphere moisture, glaciers, and others |
|
| freshwater | freshwater use by sectors | sectors of agriculture (often the highest), industrial and domestic | |
| Freshwater | two major sources of water (figure 3) | ground water and surface water | |
| Freshwater | residence time for water in a reservoir (figure 2) | size of reservoir divided by the flow rate in, ranges from weeks (for biosphere water) to 10,000 years, for groundwater | |
| Freshwater | largest use in the U.S. for surface water and ground water (figures) | ground water used mostly for irrigation, surface water most for hydro-electric dams and irrigation | |
| Freshwater | range for the number of people and which countries that are going to become water stressed by 2025 | figure on this shows changes in countries and the high estimate of water stressed people is 7 our of 8 billion | |
| Water Pollution | point source and non-point source with examples | point source -end of pipe coming from a factory non-point source - field runoff from agriculture |
|
| 6 | water requirements | survival (3 liters/day) and hygeine and sanitation (50 liters/day) as set by World Health Organization | |
| 6 | sectors of economy | different groups that would consume water or energy: for example agriculture or domestic use | |
| 6 | embedded water | water used to grow and process that food, usually quite a bit higher than survival water requirement | |
| 6 | life cycle analysis | start to finish accounting for the use of water, energy or other materials | |
| 6 | |||
| 6 | Genuine progress index | ||
| 6 | regional water stress | percent of availble water withdrawn | |
| 6 | Greenbelt movement | planting trees in Kenya to stem encroachment of desert, associated with Wangari Maathai | |
| 6 | rainwater harvesting | trapping water in small dams for stock feeding | |
| 6 | microhydro | small turbines for generating electricity from streams, may be in the range of about 1 to 10 kWatt | |
| 6 | appropriate technology | smaller, human scale technologies that fit a particular task very well. Some examples are solar drip irrigation, small wind mills for pumping surface water, treadle water pumps. | |
| Embedded water | water use in UK | 0.2 % in drinking water |
|
| Embedded water | a few examples | 100 g potato has 25 liters embedded water |
|
| Embedded water | water used to raise beef | water crops, grow grain, grow roughage, drinking water and servicing (cleaning etc) | |
| 7 | hunter-gatherer | low energy use, collecting food for subsistence | |
| 7 | subsistence agriculture | harnessing some energy use and using agricultural techniques to provide the majority of the food | |
| 7 | commerical agriculture | controlling about 10x human energy and producing enough produce to sell, separation of tasks in the society between farming and cities/towns | |
| industrial agriculture | large amount of energy and water used to grow crops with the help of plant genetics, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and machinery - example is corn production in the midwest | ||
| 7 | secondary succession | ecological succession that starts from soil and proceeds through stages rather than starting from bare rock - agriculture is modified secondary succession with selected seed stock | |
| 7 | intensive agriculture | growing large amounts of product on small land area by using human labor, selected plants, fertilizer and pesticides, and some amount of machinery - example is rice cultivation in many parts of Asia | |
| 7 | artisan farms | smaller farms that may have many crops and types of animals that are skillfully managed to produce food with minimal environmental damage | |
| 7 | "green revolution" | the combination of agressive plant breeding and selection, irrigation, fertilizer and some machinery to create a huge increase in the agricultural output throughout the world - was important for avoiding famine and maintaining national security in many places | |
| agriculture | |||
| food-fuel | food-fuel dilemma | there are tradeoffs of using land, water and effort to create more food or bio-fuels | |
| food security | food security | defined as the availability of food and access to that food | |
| 8 | global land use for ag | 11% cropland and 27% pasture | |
| 8 | sustainable development | meeting today's demands in a way that doesn't compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own demands | |
| 8 | weak sustainability | key point is that all capital can be convertable - total wealth of capital is the important parameter | |
| 8 | strong sustainability | key point is that natural capital has special protection | |
| 8 | emergent behavior | the processes at a larger scale can't be totally explained by the actions and processes at smaller scale, example is an ant colony | |
| 8 | "organic" view of sustainability | processes have to grow together and co-evolve | |
| 8 | innovation | improvement of a process or product | |
| 8 | CSA | community supported agriculture | |
| 8 | edible landscape | fruit trees, berries and other edible plants being planted and maintained with in the city and parks |
|
| 8 | walking shed | the area in which you need to walk to meet your basic services | |
| 8 | 20 minute neighborhood | a list of all services that are available to you within a 20 minute radius | |
| 8 | local multiplier | the proportion of any dollar spent that stays in the community, | |
Last updated on February 26, 2010 by John Rueter