Mass Wasting:  The fundamental cause of mass wasting is gravity overcoming the slope's resisting force.

Glaciers:  Know the following features (and whether they are erosional, depositional, and how formed)-truncated spur, hanging valley, horn, arete, rouche moutonee, glacial polish and striations, eskers, drumlins, kettles.  Understand that glaciers have a brittle layer that rides passivley atop a plastic layer, and that glaciers move downhill as a result of gravity by two mechanisms - plastic flow of the plastic layer, and basal slip at the base of the glacier, which involves meltwater.   Environmental indicators:  Deserts (hot and dry) - sand dunes and evaporites; polar regions (cold and dry) - glacial deposits and erosional features; tropical to subtropical (hot and wet) - limestone reefs and coal deposits.

Coasts:  Know the following features (and whether they are erosional and depositional) - baymouth bar, tombolo, spit, barrier island, marine terrace, berm, wave-cut platform, fjord, estuary, sea stack, headland.  Tidal flat, intertidal zone, and foreshore are all terms for a region of a beach which is dry at low tide and wet at high tide.  Know the difference between jetty, breakwater, groin.  (You have two jetties which are used to extend a river farther out to sea; a breakwater is parallel to shore and provides a calm area between the breakwater and shorte, and a groin is a single structure designed solely to affect how sand moves along the shore).  Be able to tell which direction a longshore current is moving.  Most ocean waves are produced by wind.    Wave base = 1/2 wavelength.  Regarding fjord and estuary:  you need to know that a fjord is a U-shaped valley that was carved by glaciers and has since been flooded by rising sea level (so it is a channel filled with water), while an estuary is a channel that started out as a stream channel, but has been flooded by rising sea level.  These are covered in your text.

Deserts:  Most erosion in deserts in caused by water.  Know your dunes (barchan, longitudinal, transverse, parabolic, star) and for those requiring one direction of wind, be able to tell me which way the wind is flowing.  Know the following features (and whether they are erosional or depositional, caused by wind or water) - ventifact, desert pavement, dune, bajada, pediment, inselberg, butte, yardang.

Streams: Understand the difference between compentence (the largest sediment size a stream can carry, which depends on stream velocity) versus capacity (the total abundance of sediment, regardless of size, that a stream can carry, which depends on discharge).  Streams carry sediment in the forms of a chemical load (dissolved material), suspended load, and bed load (part of which rolls along the bottom, and part of which saltates--you should understand what is meant by saltate).

Other things to know:  pothole (formed by abrasion), delta (topset, middleset, and foreset beds), levee, meander, oxbow lake, incised meander, graded stream, cross-section versus longitudinal profile, cut bank and point bar (and where these are likely to occur along a meandering stream).

Drainage patterns:
braided stream
meandering stream
trellis drainage
dendritic drainage
rectangular drainage
radial drainage
deranged drainage

Channels on Mars:  Valley networks (ancient dendritic), outflow channels (catastrophic floods), gullies (very small recent stream features that may indicate an aquifer), and fretted channels (U-shaped, probably carved by glaciers).

Groundwater: Understand what is meant by the "water table".  Know what is meant by porosity, permeability, recharge, discharge.  Know what is required to have an artesian system (tilted rocks, an aquifer bounded by an aquiclude both above and below, and sufficient recharge to keep the aquifer under pressure).