REALISM AND GLOBALISM IN U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

REALISTS GLOBALISTS

(NEO-REALISTS) (NEO-LIBERALS)

U.S. HISTORY	BENIGN PATERNALISM	AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM
NATURE OF WORLD POLITICS	LAW OF JUNGLE; POWER STRUGGLES	“AMER. CENTURY”; US MISSION: LAW & ORDER
MAIN VALUES	PRAGMATISM; WIN-LOSE; AMORALITY	STABILITY; PROGRESS; MARKET ACCESS
ANALYTIC TOOLS	COSTS/BENEFITS; RISK/THREATS; GEOPOLITICS; UNILATERALISM	PEACE INDIVISIBLE; MULTILATERALISM; GEOECONOMICS
STANDARDS	NATIONAL INTEREST; POWER RELS. OF STATES	WORLD (CAPITALIST) ORDER: “HARMONIZATION”
STRATEGY	BALANCE OF POWER; POSITIONS OF STRENGTH; NUCLEAR WEAPONS; BILATERAL	MULTILATERALISM;, INTL LAW & MORAL CODE (“NWO”); OPEN DOOR
TACTICS	CONTAINMENT; SELECTIVE INTERVENTN; SECURITY STRUCTURES	FORWARD DEFENSE; LIBERAL TRADE & INVESTMT ORDER (NAFTA; APEC; WTO)
ENEMIES	COMMUNISM; “ROGUE STATES”; TERRORISM	RADICAL NATLISTS, FUNDAMENTALISTS, ECON. NATLISM
SECURITY OBJECTIVES	NATL DEFENSE; US SELF-RELIANCE	“MAKE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY” “MAKE WORLD SAFE FOR INTERDEP.”
FRIENDS	STABLE DEMOCRACIES (EUROPE FIRST)	OPEN ECONOMIES
POLITICS & FOREIGN POLICY	FOR. POLICY SERVES DOM. POLITICS; STRONG PRESIDENCY	DOMESTIC COSTS OF GLOBALISM MUST BE RECKONED.

THE CRITICAL SCHOOLS: RADICAL LEFT AND GLOBAL HUMANISM

U.S. HISTORY	EASY EXPANSIONISM; ANTICOMMUNIST CRUSADE	ABUSES OF POWER; NEGLECT OF DEMOCR. HERITAGE; COLD WAR A CLASH OF EMPIRES
NATURE OF WORLD POLITICS	INEQUALITY: RULING CLASSES VERSUS MASSES; DOMINANT IDEOLOGIES	MULTIPLE CRISES: DISTORTED VALUES AND INEQUITABLE STRUCTURES
MAIN VALUES	SHARED POWER; DEMOC. SOCIALISM	NEW GLOBAL ETHIC
ANALYTICAL TOOLS	CLASS ANALYSIS; DEPENDENCY & IMPERIALISM	PERSONAL, BUR., CLASS, & SYSTEM VALUES & NORMS
STANDARDS	NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, MUTUAL BENEFIT, GENUINE SOCIALISM	PEACE; ECOL. BALANCE; ECON & SOC JUSTICE; POL. LIBERTIES; HUMANE GOVERNANCE
STRATEGY	REVOLUTION (CW); SOVEREIGNTY	PEOPLE POWER; NONINTERVENTION
TACTICS	NIEO; US WITHDRAWALS; RESOURCE TRANSFERS	DOMESTIC RENEWAL; BASIC NEEDS IN TW; UN PEACEKEEPING
ENEMIES	TNCs; “US IMPERIALISM”	NATIONAL SECURITY STATES EVERYWHERE
SECURITY OBJECTIVES	“MAKE U.S. SAFE FOR THE WORLD”	“MAKE WORLD SAFE FOR DIVERSITY” - COMMON SECURITY
FRIENDS	THIRD-WORLD NATIONALISTS	NGOs; POPULAR MOVEMENTS
POLITICS & FOR. POLICY	REAL SECURITY STEMS FROM DOMESTIC WELLBEING	“INTERMESTIC” ISSUES of global responsibility