Henry Carty/Carter
  b: ~1723
  d: Jun/1809 - Montgomery Co., VA

Spouse: Frances Penn?

Child-1: Millian Ann
          2: William
          3: Sarah - b: ~1765
                         m: John Harrison - 15/Dec/1795 - Montgomery Co., VA
          4: Nancy - b: 24/Nov/1767 - Westmoreland Co., VA
                           d: 31/Dec/1847 - Montogomery or Pulaski Co., VA - bur: Elm Farm Cem.
                          m: John Charlton, Jr. - 11/Jun/1787 - Montgomery Co., VA
          5: Henry, Jr. - b: ~1769
                               m: Deborah Davis - 7/Jul/1794 - Montgomery Co., VA
          6: Elizabeth - m: William Gibson
          7: Margaret (Peggy) - b: 23/Feb/1775 - Montgomery County, VA
                                           m: Joseph B. Rentfro - 1793 - Montgomery Co., VA

Biographical Details:

Clearly, the surname "Carter" derives from the occupation of some medieval ancestor of this family as a "hauler of goods".1  As is usual with occupational surnames, e.g., Smith, Baker, Carpenter, etc., these were adopted in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries most likely by repetitive usage of grammatical constructions such as so-and-so "the smith", "the baker", "the carpenter", etc.  Naturally, the article was evenually discarded, hence so-and-so "the carter" simply became "Carter", which was then passed down to the present through conventional patriarchal naming patterns.

It is probable that Henry Carter was a descendant of one of the old Carter families of colonial Virginia.  In this regard, several researchers have identified him as a son of Peter and Judith Norris Carter, who lived in King George (later Fauquier) County.  Peter Carter descended from Captain Thomas Carter who was born in Bedfordshire, England, in about 1630 and was a supporter of King Charles during the English Civil War.  He apparently immigrated to Virginia after the king was overthrown and died there in 1700.  Indeed, the presumption that Henry was the son of Peter has been published in quite reputable works.  Nevertheless, in 1788 Peter Carter wrote the names of all of his children and their dates of birth in the Prayer Book of Captain Thomas Carter.2  This book is presently in the possession of the Virginia Historical Society and no son named Henry appears in Peter Carter's autograph.  It has been suggested that he simply "forgot" to include Henry and, perhaps, another son, John, as well, when he made this list.  However, irrespective of Peter's age, which he gave as eighty-two, this seems quite unlikely.  Therefore, until definite proof is found that Henry Carter was the son of Peter and Judith Norris Carter, his parents should be strictly regarded as unknown.  An approximate birth year of 1723 has been given for him; however, this may be too early.  In any case, the earliest documentary evidence of Henry Carter appears to be two royal land patents granted for adjoining parcels in Albemarle County, Virginia, on August 16, 1756, and September 10, 1760.3  These were for one hundred and fourteen and seventy acres, respectively, and subsequently were included in Amherst County when it was organized in 1761.  This is supported by Alexander Brown's early settler list in which the name of Henry Carter appears as having had interest in Albemarle County prior to the organization of Amherst County.4  (This would further tend to support a connection between Henry and the family of  Peter and Judith Norris Carter since it appears that three of their sons, Job, Solomon, and Peter, Jr., settled in Albemarle/Amherst County prior to the Revolutionary War.)  However, the name of Henry Carter did not appear in either the 1783 or the 1785 list of heads of household for Amherst County.  Accordingly, it appears that he moved from Amherst to Montgomery County, Virginia, sometime before 1782, since his name did appear on the Land Tax List of 1782 for Montgomery County for an assessment on two hundred acres.  It is also possible that the Carter family spent some time in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in the late 1760's since it has been reported that their daughter, Nancy, was born in Westmoreland County in 1767.  Land patents for Henry Carter were granted in Montgomery County on June 24, 1785, and June 26, 1793, for three hundred and seventy-four and sixty-eight acres, respectively.5  Unfortunately, in the civil records of Montgomery County confusion arises as to the surname of Henry Carter, which is frequently given as "Carty".6  The reason for such a discrepancy is not known.  One descendant has attributed this to prevailing standards of literacy then current on the Virginia frontier.  However, the reason may not be so simple, since on October 3, 1797, a land patent for one hundred and thirteen acres lying in Montgomery County was granted to Henry Carty, Sr.7  Moreover, the parcel was described as adjacent to land owned by Henry Carter.  Indeed, both the surname "Carty" and "Carter" appear on this document and it would seem that they have been written differently by intention rather than by accident or out of ignorance.  Therefore, from these circumstances it would seem reasonable to conclude that Henry Carty and Henry Carter were different individuals.  Nevertheless, both this patent and the previous patent of Henry Carter granted in 1793 were given in exchange for the same Land Office Treasury Warrant (i.e., No. 18572).  This warrant may have been obtained in exchange for military service in the Revolutionary War and at least one researcher has stated that Henry Carty/Carter served in Captain Galloway's company from Botetourt County; however, this is by no means proven.  In any case, the existence of this warrant provides rather convincing evidence that Henry Carty and Henry Carter were, in fact, one and the same person.  Two more land patents were granted in Montgomery County to Henry Carter in 1802 and 1804, both for one hundred and thirty acres.  (They may actually be for the same parcel of land, the second patent being issued to correct some defect in survey or title of the first one.)  However, in contrast to statements made in published works, it is evident from the patents themselves that these were both granted to Henry Carty/Carter, Jr., and not to his father.8  Henry Carty/Carter, Sr., made his will on March 18, 1806 and died in Montgomery County probably in 1809 (his will was probated in June of of that year).  Subsequently, several of his children and their families moved westward in the first half of the nineteenth century, settling in Kentucky and Tennessee and later in Missouri, Texas, and elsewhere.9

Source Notes and Citations:
1. Patrick Hanks (ed.), Oxford Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, periodically updated.
     "1. English: occupational name for a transporter of goods, Middle English cartere, from an agent derivative of Middle English cart(e) or from Anglo-Norman French car(e)tier, a derivative of Old French caret (see Cartier).  The Old French word coalesced with the earlier Middle English word cart(e) 'cart', which is from either Old Norse kartr or Old English cræt, both of which, like the Late Latin word, were probably originally derived from Celtic.
     2. Northern Irish: reduced form of McCarter."
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2. January 14th 1777. Today came a letter from Edward Carter of Lancaster with the intelligence that my Brother Mr. Dale Carter Departed this Life on the 12th Day December last and our cousin 10 days earlier [Thomas Carter written in margin]. Now indeed am I the last of my generation--the lone leaf on the tree waiting the last frost.
     Ye Datte of this Holy Book is at it stands from the printer as follows MDCLXII [1662] in the year of my God 1775 and in ye year of my Nattral Life 69. Romans ye 10 Chap 9 vers. If thou shalt confess with thine mouth the Lord Jesus; and shall Believe in thin heart tht God hath Rased him from the Dead thou shalt be saved. Romans ye 10 9 vers my Natral Life 82 in ye year of my God 1788.
     Peter Carter in the year 1788 in ye year my Life 82. 58 years last May Day [May 1, 1730] I was Married to Judith Norris who passed on ye 15h day May 1765. We was Blest with 9 sons and 4 daughters viz. - Dale [and] Thomas on ye 24h April 1731 - Judy on ye 2d Novm 1732 - Job on ye 1st Jan'y 1734 - Joseph on ye 4th September 1736 - Arabella Catharine on ye 17th August 1738 - Solomon on ye 25 Septr. 1739 - Frances Ball on ye 8h Jan'y 1741 - Peter on ye 9th March 1743 Sarah on ye 16h June 1744 - Daniel on ye 22d Dec. 1746 ye same Day and year as Danl son of my cozen Robert Carter - Norris on 8h November 1748 and George on 15 March 1751 - of which Thomas, Joseph Peter, Norris, George, Frances and Sarah are now living. George with me Peter in Amherst and the others on Clinch.
     Robert Carters children born William born 1st May 1745, Daniel 22 Decmbr 1746, Robert 14 Febry 1748, Mary 21 May 1750, Jedisah 29 July 1752, Milly 22 May 1755, Henry 28 Janry 1757, John Novmbr 1758, Winny Born Decm 4 1762, Fredn 28 July 1767. These Dattes give me by Henry Carter.
     Here, a Henry Carter is identified as the son of Robert Carter; however, he cannot have been the father of Millian Ann Carter Jacobs, since she was born about 1755.  (original in the Library of the Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA.)
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3a. August 16, 1756 - Royal land patent granted to Henry Carter for 114 acres on the head branches of the south fork of the Hardware River. /s/Robt Dinwiddie  (Land Office Patents, Bk. 34, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, pgs. 116-7.  (microfilm: roll - Land Office Grants and Patents #33-4))

b. September 10, 1760 - Royal land patent granted to Henry Carter for 70 acres on the branches of the south fork of the Hardware River. /s/Francs Fauquier  (Land Office Patents, Bk. 33, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, pgs. 902-3.  (microfilm: roll - Land Office Grants and Patents #31-2))
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4. In the nineteenth century Alexander Brown compiled a list of old settlers of Albemarle/Amherst County, Virginia.  Fourteen Carters appear on this list, one of which is Henry.  In addition, William Cartie also appears:
 
 Carter  Abram  b.sr.
   "        Edward b.
   "        Col. Edward b.
   "        Henry  a.
   "        Job a.
   "        L?cy John a.
   "        Landon b.sr. (1778-'81)
   "        Merry  c.sf.
   "        Merry a.
   "        Peter b.sr.
   "        Soloman a.sf.   b.
   "        Trent  mcht  au
   "        Thomas a.
   "        William b.sr.
Cartie   William a.sf.

Here, "a." denotes those who had interests in Old Albemarle prior to 1761, "b." denotes those who came to Old Amherst or became of age between 1761 and 1776, "a.sf." denotes those who were in the French and Indian War from Albemarle (Amherst),  "b.sr." denotes those who were in Revolutionary War from Old Amherst, and "au" indicates that Brown had their autograph (prior to 1800).

Primary sources for Brown's list are cited as follows:
1. Dr. Wm Cabell's mem'a books, Mss 1726-74.
2. The Entry Book (1735-44) of Col W'm Mayo, Surveyor of Goochland (County).
3. The Entry Books (1744-53) of Col Joshua Fry, Surveyor of Albemarle (County).
4. The Records of Albemarle (County), 1745-48.
5. The List of Tithables in the Upper Part of St. Anne's Parish, 1745-47.
6. The Entry Book (1754-57) of Col. Peter Jefferson, Surveyor of Albemarle (County) (Brown has crossed out Col. Peter Jefferson and noted ? who was surveyor of Albemarle 1757-61?).
7. Notes of surveys  by the following assistant surveyors:  Dr. W'm Cabell (1742-54); Col. W'm Cabell (1754); Tho's Jefferson (1751); Maj'r Cha's Lynch; Daniel Smith (1749); Ambrose Joshua Smith (1747); John Staples (1755-56); Drury Stith; Thomas Turpin (1748-51).
8. Henings Statutes at Large and other books and articles in print.
9. The Entry Books (1761-76) of Col. W'm Cabell, surveyor of Amherst (County).
10. The Records of Amherst (County).
11. Col. W'm Cabell's Diary (1769-95).
12. Capt Nich's Cabell's Muster Rolls (1775-6).
13. Maj'r W'm Cabell's Muster Rolls (1781).
14. A mass of old family Mss, pedigrees, etc.
15. Mss and articles of N.F. Cabell. Esq., Col. Tho's H. Ellis and others.
Many of the original records are still extant.  (Alexander Brown, unpublished MSS, Special Collections Department, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA. (Magann Researcher's Resource Site, "Alexander Brown's early settler list", members.tripod.com/magannfamily/id58.htm, 2002.))
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5a. Patrick Henry Esquire Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting: Know ye that by Virtue of a Certificate in right of Settlement given by the Commissioners for adjusting the Titles of unpatented Lands in the District of Washington and Montgomery and in Consideration of the ancient composition of two pounds Sterling paid by Henry Carter into the Treasury of this Commonwealth there is granted by the said Commonwealth, unto the said Henry Carter a certain Tract or parcel of Land Containing three hundred and Seventy four acres by Survey bearing date the Seventeenth day of January one thousand seven hundred and Eighty three Lying and being in the County of Montgomery on the head of Meadow Creek and Bounded as followeth To Wit, Beginning at a black oak and two white oaks Corner to Thomas Martins Survey North fifty seven degrees East forty eight poles to a white oak and black oak Sapling South ninety poles to a white oak and Black oak Saplings South fifty seven degrees West Sixty eight poles to a white oak and black oak Saplings on a hill side South eighty seven degrees East one hundred and thirty six poles to a black oak and white oak Saplings North Seventy two Degrees East one hundred and fifty poles to two Black and two white oaks South Sixty Degrees East Eighty eight poles to a black oak South fifty degrees West two hundred and Seventy six poles to two white oak and two Black oaks North Eighty eight degrees West Eighty poles to four Black oaks North nineteen degrees East thirty four poles to a white oak & Chesnut North Sixty degrees West one hundred and twenty nine poles to two white oak Saplings North Eight degrees East forty poles to the Beginning With its appurtenances; To have and To hold the said Tract or parcel of Land with its appurtenances; to the said Henry Carter and his heirs forever.  In Witness Wherefor, the said Patrick Henry Esquire Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia hath hereunto set his Hand and caused the Lesser Seal of the said Commonwealth to be Affixed, at Richmond, on the Twenty fourth day of June in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and Eighty five and of the Commonwealth the ninth. /s/P. Henry.  (Land Office Grants, Bk. Q, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, pgs. 172-4.  (microfilm: roll - Land Office Grants and Patents #57))

b. Henry Lee Esquire Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting  Know ye that by virtue of a Land Office Treasury Warrant Number eighteen thousand five hundred and seventy two issued the ninth day of August one thousand seven hundred and eighty three; There is granted by the said Commonwealth unto Henry Carter, a certain tract or parcel of Land containing Sixty eight acres by survey date the twelfth day of May one thousand seven hundred and eighty seven, lying and being in the County of Montgomery on the North side of the Land he now lives on and bounded as followeth to wit, Beginning at two white oaks, a hickory and black oak & running thence North twenty one degrees West eighty two poles to a white oak, spanish oak and Chesnut, North sixty degrees East sixty poles to five white oaks North seventy seven degrees East thirty two poles to three Chesnuts and a white oak, South fifty five degrees East sixty poles to two Chestnuts from one root and a spanish oak, South seventy four degrees East sixty two poles to a white oak and black oak on his own line South seventy degrees West one hundred and seventy poles to the beginning with its Appurtenances to have and to hold the said tract or parcel of Land, with its appurtenances to the said Henry Carter and his Heirs forever.  In Witness whereof the said Henry Lee Esquire Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia hath hereunto set his hand and Caused the lesser seal of the said Commonwealth to be Affixed at Richmond on the twenty sixth day of June in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety three, and of the Commonwealth the Seventeenth. /s/Henry Lee  (Land Office Grants, Bk. 28, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, pg. 432.  (microfilm: roll - Land Office Grants and Patents #94))
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6. Genealogies of Virginia Families from the William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine, Vol. 1., Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD, 1981: pgs. 655-6.
     "Henry Carter (Peter (3), Thomas (2)) had a grant in Albemarle (later Amherst) for 114 acres on August 16, 1755, and in 1761 for 70 acres adjoining in Amherst.  Tradition of another branch says that he removed to Montgomery county, and the Land Office records show that a Henry Carter was granted in Montgomery 375 acres in 1785, 68 in 1793, and 130 in 1802, which in 1804 was regranted to Henry Carter, Jr.  In June, 1796, a Wm. Carter had a grant for 413 acres in Montgomery.  Though the Land Office records give the name in every instance as Carter, the county records give the name as Carty, and the descendants are uncertain which it is, though they use that of Carty.  The clerk of Montgomery wrote me (Dr. Jos. L. Miller) as follows: 'There is no will of Henry Carter recorded in this office, and no will of any Carter prior to 1850.  I will send you the will of Henry Carty, which I think is the one you want, as a very old citizen tells me he remembers Henry Carter, son of Henry, and he says they were called Carter.  And the Gibsons, Guerrants, and Charletons are relatives of the man who made the will.'  Mrs. C. H. King, Dublin, Pulaski county, daughter of Maj. Wm. Gibson Guerrant, and great-great-granddaughter of Henry Carty or Carter, says: 'now the name Carty I have often heard contested.  It is my belief that it was Carter.  Among the unlearned mountain people a name often changes.  I know that Henry Carty (or Carter) had land grants.  Further than this I can not tell.  I have several times, when in Richmond, tried to find something of these from the Land Office, without success, but suppose I looked for the wrong name, as I was on the track of 'Carty'.'  Henry Carty's will, probated in June, 1809, left a large estate in land and negroes to wife Frances, son Henry, grandson William, son of William, dec'd, and five daughters - Millian, wife of Roland Jacobs; Sarah, wife of John Harrison; Nancy, wife of John Charlton; Elizabeth, wife of Wm. Gibson, and Peggy, wife of Jos. Rentfro."
     This account is taken from the work of Joseph L. Miller, which was first published in the William and Mary Quarterly Magazine between 1909 and 1911 (see additional citations given below).  Nevertheless, for the reason stated previously, it is unlikely that Henry Carty/Carter is a son of Peter and Judith Norris Carter, although it is, perhaps, probable that they were related.
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7. James Wood Esquire Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting  Know ye that by virtue of a Land Office Treasury Warrant number eighteen thousand five hundred and seventy two issued the ninth day of August one thousand seven hundred and eighty three, there is granted by the said Commonwealth unto Henry Carty Senr. assignee of Peter Kirbey, a certain Tract or parcel of Land containing one hundred and thirteen Acres by survey bearing date the twenty sixth day of August one thousand seven hundred and ninety one, lying and being in the County of Montgomery, on the waters of Meadow Creek and bounded as followeth to wit  Beginning at a white Oak and two black oaks corner to Henry Carters land South fifty three degrees West one hundred and forty eight poles along Carters line to two white oaks and a black oak said Carters corner, South ten degrees East, sixty poles to two white oaks in a hollow South seventy eight degrees East ninety six poles to a hickory and black oak saplin on a hill side, South 32 degrees East forty eight poles to a large white oak by a glade, North forty degrees East forty poles to a large white oak, thence, North sixteen degrees West one hundred and eighty eight poles to the beginning, with its appurtenances to have and to hold the said tract or parcel of land with its appurtenances to the said Henry Carty Senior and his heirs forever.  In Witness whereof the said James Wood Esquire Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia hath hereunto set his hand and caused the lesser seal of the said Commonwealth to be affixed at Richmond on the third day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven and of the Commonwealth the twenty Second /s/James Wood  (Land Office Grants, Bk. 38, pg. 27, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, (microfilm: roll - Land Office Grants and Patents #104).)
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8a. September 23, 1802 - Commonwealth of Virginia land patent granted to Henry Carter, Jr., for 130 acres on the head waters of Meadow Creek, waters of Little River, a branch of New River, and on some of the waters of the Long Branch of Elliotts Creek, waters of the south fork of Roanoak. /s/James Monroe  (Land Office Grants, Bk. 51, pgs. 70-1, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, (microfilm: roll - Land Office Grants and Patents #117).)

b. November 30, 1804 - Commonwealth of Virginia land patent granted to Henry Carter, Jr., for 130 acres on the waters of Meadow Creek, waters of Little River, a branch of New River, adjoining Henry Carter Sen. and John Harris. /s/John Page  (Land Office Grants, Bk. 52, pgs. 483-4, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, (microfilm: roll - Land Office Grants and Patents #118).)
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9a. Henry Carty Renfro was a prominent Baptist minister in Texas during the period of the Civil War.  He was the son of Absalom Carter Renfro, grandson of Joseph B. and Margaret (Peggy) Carty/Carter Renfro (or Rentfro), and, hence, the great-grandson of Henry Carty/Carter of Montgomery County, Virginia.  (He also had an uncle with the same name.)  Joseph and Peggy Renfro had the following children:

1. Absalom Carter RENFRO was born 7 Sep 1794 in Virginia.  He died 1869 in Texas.
2. Frances RENFRO was born 14 Nov 1796 in Virginia.
3. James W. RENFRO was born 26 Feb 1799 in Virginia.
4. William C. RENFRO was born 23 Nov 1801 in Virginia.
5. Malinda RENFRO was born 31 May 1804 in Virginia.  She married John K. ENSOR in Jul 1831.
6. Pauline M. RENFRO was born 31 Oct 1806 in Kentucky.
7. Henry Carty RENFRO was born 7 Jul 1809 in Virginia.
8. Joseph B. RENFRO was born 24 Jun 1811 in Virginia.
9. Margaret RENFRO was born 4 Nov 1815 in Carter County, Tennessee.
10. Evalina Elizabeth RENFRO was born 14 Mar 1819 in Carter County, Tennessee.
(Donna and Thomas Autrey, "BALL AND AUTREY ANCESTRY OF DONNA L. BALL AND THOMAS M. AUTREY AND RELATED NAMES", www.c-zone.net/autrey/aqwg143.htm, 2002.)

b. William Clark Griggs, "Renfro, Henry Carty", The Texas State Historical Association, 1997-2002.  ("The Handbook of Texas Online", www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/print/RR/frery.html)
     "RENFRO, HENRY CARTY (1831-1885).  Henry Carty Renfro, Baptist minister, was born near Maryville, Blount County, Tennessee, on July 18, 1831, the son of Absalom C. and Levicy (Tipton) Renfro.  The family moved to Rock Spring, Walker County, Georgia, before moving to Cass County, Texas, in June 1851.  Renfro enrolled at Baylor University at Independence, Washington County, where he studied to become a minister under well-known educators such as Baylor president Rufus C. Burleson and George Washington Baines.  In 1857, during a period of disagreement between Burleson and Horace Clark, Renfro was called to become the pastor of the Independence Baptist Church, then one of the most important Baptist churches in Texas.  He was the only student ever chosen to fill the position.  Continuing bitter divisions between Burleson, Clark, and others in the congregation, however, prompted Renfro to resign the post and return to Cass County.  Soon after, he moved to Johnson County, where he conducted revivals and helped to establish the Bethesda Baptist Church, the county's first Baptist congregation.  In Johnson County Renfro met Mary Robinson Ray, a recent arrival in Texas from Tennessee, and they were married on November 24, 1859.  A son was born in 1860.  With the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, Renfro enlisted in Company C of William H. Griffin's Twenty-first Texas Infantry Battalion.  Efforts of Rufus C. Burleson eventually led to Renfro's appointment as chaplain of Joseph Speight's Regiment, Fifteenth Texas Infantry, after Burleson's resignation from the position.  Renfro remained with the regiment for the remainder of the war, participating in the battles of Bayou Bourbeau, Vidalia, Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, and Yellow Bayou.  In July 1864, while he was with his unit in Louisiana, his wife had a daughter in Johnson County.
     After returning to Texas, Renfro served as the minister of several Baptist congregations in Johnson and Tarrant counties.  He also farmed and traded in land.  He sold the property that became the town of Burleson and named the site after his old friend and professor Rufus Burleson.  Renfro generally was regarded as one of the most prominent Baptist ministers in Texas.  However, he began to question the organized church and Baptist orthodoxy, and his studies resulted in his being charged with 'advocating and preaching the doctrine of infidelity.'  Despite Burleson's request for a delay, Renfro was dismissed from the ministry and the Baptist Church on February 2, 1884.  He continued to lecture about free thought to large audiences in north central Texas.  He died on March 2, 1885, after contracting pneumonia on a cattle drive from his farm to Fort Worth.  His son, Burleson, died of the same disease three days later.  Renfro's death was not without controversy, however, as Baptist publications reported that he recanted his conversion to liberalism on his deathbed, a charge vehemently denied by his family and friends.  Rufus Burleson preached Renfro's funeral service to over 1,000 persons, and the former minister was buried in the cemetery at Bethesda Baptist Church in Johnson County."

Bibliography:
1. William C. Griggs, Parson Henry Renfro: Free Thinking on the Texas Frontier, University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, 1994.
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Additional Citations:

10. Amherst County Heads of Household List of 1783, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA. (Sharon Barrett Kennedy (tr), ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/va/amherst/census/1783head.txt, 2003.)

11. Amherst County Heads of Household List of 1785, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA. (Sharon Barrett Kennedy (tr), ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/va/amherst/census/1785cens.txt, 2003.)

12. Montgomery County Land Tax List of 1782, Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, (microfilm: roll - Land Tax Records #197).  ((Jeffrey Weaver (tr), New River Notes, www.newrivernotes.com/index.htm, 2015.)

13. Will Bk. 1, 1786-1809, Montgomery Co., VA, pg. unk., Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA, (microfilm: roll - City and County Records #14).

14. Anne Lowry Worrell, A Brief of Wills and Marriages in Montgomery and Fincastle Counties, Virginia, 1773-1831, Montgomery Messenger Pub. Corp., Christiansburg, VA, 1932, pg. 46.  (Reprint available from the Genealogical Pub. Co., Baltimore, MD)

15. Joseph Lyon Miller, The Descendents of Captain Thomas Carter, C. J. Carrier Co., Bridgewater, VA, 1967 (orig. pub. 1912); also Joseph Lyon Miller, "Captain Thomas Carter and His Descendants: By One of Them", William and Mary Quarterly, 1.17(4), Apr. 1909: pgs. 275-85; ibid., 1.18(1), Jul. 1909: pgs. 47-58; ibid., 1.18(2), Oct. 1909: pgs. 89-103; ibid., 1.18(4), Apr. 1910: pgs. 235-43; ibid., 1.19(2), Oct. 1910: pgs. 116-37; ibid., 1.19(3), Jan. 1911: pgs. 184-94; ibid., 1.20(1), Jul. 1911: pgs. 38-51.

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