FWS=  x     U C   @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @  /    NlJ   :%Vݭm(}iwIfwF  ^    M;fM  60`P&P )Ε%`e+%,?&.X]J`rIL^-sK@r;Ds"#ު  f    MfM  㞁Y@jTT|:xN O(%J<:Ӊ\k8 Frxp+	ʳ 	[D  (    OXW:c   =kaWfbekP
6X  ?    NC_   <eoRME{@/NRַA ݴNQάI4@  +    MnI   IeqġABow,  l    MfM   /-n6N1A{Q. Jc2:/¤9VΨ	 8e[ͅiCLE@#/v  7    LnI   =;wQ4إ($s^اgo̶)  ^   	 M+dN  3~lͳ|5ɴ 09IL%@! kkGWm(d(db-DH4i"V h    
 zF&N  Jf M0)e RVPrXk"k"鵊zΠsmdX~Ma]6PD	3L S*J NK dwv[6~xvyHEGU9L P	7pq)J&1xm. -̋/\rcÅ 	\ MU O*%/MwG=Ԩ %;u/@%p Py"up*@wKTk1qj+Gxr86otqwozufjH٤ت[ԫti,ñYl+nS6O>/HrcÅ 	\ MU O*%/MwG=Ԩ %;u/@%p Py"up*@wKTk1 ?     Arial    	.    o           (  wooster@pdx.edu      dJ	g 333 IfK;.jv"` 	/    o            (  wooster@csus.edu 	/    o           (  wooster@csus.edu      dE   ~ăp 2         ^     ^  ^    	        @   	8    w
          (  Portland State University 	       so @   	6    o)           (  Department of Economics 	       ^@   	3    o           (  Associate Professor  	       +@    7    m%   ulޝQxA'_$ 	=   i @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @   !@i @ @  cjE#( i @4@  c+Zԩ i @@  vS*B2i @ @  'A%i @h@  -WGT#( i @@  3g[_/#i @4@  MJ&ii @@  cǫ8! @  -"ZK5i @@  .e*kd#( i @l@  >._#i @$@  4TnW#( i @@  0;?Pi @@  3PB*i @H@  tWFծR i @ @  @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @   	   d @   @   $i @4@  ּ̐\i @@  ͳ26fC]RPi @T  @   i @4@  L)c_\pi @ ̐i @@  s2D$gi @p ͳ26fCi @T  @   jõi @4@    L)ci @ ̐Dhi @@  s2J(hi @p ͳ26fCpi @T  @   õi @4@     L)cZ@i @ ̐hi @@  s2OhPi @p ͳ26fCwli @T  @   [i @4@    L)c<i @ ̐j|i @@  s2Th0i @p ͳ26fCxi @T  @   i @4@   L)ci @ ̐Ài @@  s2YHb0i @p ͳ26fC^i @T  @   lfi @4@  X L)cS i @ ̐YD*i @@  s2]bi @p ͳ26fCi @T  @   Ci @4@   L)ci @ ̐Hi @@  s2bg`i @p ͳ26fCDi @T@  @ L)c i @@  s2h8gi @p@  ˘@@ @ @ @ @   @   ]hi @4@  ̐-i @@  ͳ26fCi @T  @   Epi @4@  L)ci @ ̐x2i @@  s2i\gi @p ͳ26fCi @T  @   pi @4@  x L)ci @ ̐2i @@  s2q4gpi @p ͳ26fCi @T  @   lHi @4@    L)cii @ ̐i @@  s2wgpi @p ͳ26fC~pi @T  @   i @4@    L)ci @ ̐Ci @@  s2},fi @p ͳ26fCei @T 	 @   Rрi @4@    L)c)Hi @ ̐MAi @@  s2A i @p ͳ26fCi @T  @     i @4@  8x L)ci @ ̐i @@  s2Ci @p ͳ26fCi @T@  9 L)cᅕi @@  s2Fi @p@  
     @(NHs  @(NMs  @(NQs  @(NZ$p`  @(N\q  @(N`s  @(Nes	  @(Nn4s
 	 @(OCn @9@                 ``   @(N^8s @(NbXs @(Ng@s @(Noxp` @(NrLq @(Nv<s @(N{s	 @(OA
 @(ON@  k`  @(Nss @(Nws @(N|s @(OBf @(OCD @(OE @(OH6	 @(OLn
 @(OX@     @(ODp @(OF @(OH @(OM @(ONzD @(OPr @(OR	 @(OW
 @(Ocl@    @(OO @(OQ, @(OS @(OW @(OY&D @(O[ @(O]	 @(Oa
 @(On@     @(OY @(O[ @(O^J @(Obf @(OcD @(Oe @(Oh6	 @(Oln
 @(Ox@     @(Odp @(Of @(Oh @(Om @(OnzD @(Opr @(Or	 @(Ow
 @(PA;@  (   @(Oo @(Oq* @(Os @(Ow @(Oy$D @(O{ @(O}	 @(P@;
 @(PG;@         	 
 @ @ @ @  
 <    @(M@  @(M΀  @(M@  @(M!  @(M@  @(M  @(Ma  @(L; 	 @(L';@  P8   @(M@ @(M΀ @(M@ @(Lg @(L @(Lw; @(L; @(L; @(LQG;@  c   @(L9 @(L: @(L˧9 @(L @(L @(L; @(L; @(L<; @(MO@  wH   @(L9 @(L': @(L9 @(L: @(LE @(LU; @(Li'; @(MEq @(Mv@     @(LC9 @(LTG: @(Lg9 @(MDa @(MJ	@ @(MQ @(M[ @(Ml @(NNs@  <   @(MH@ @(MQ1΀ @(M[@ @(Mkq @(Mq@ @(Mx @(NAXs @(NIs @(Nbps@  c   @(Mp@ @(MxA΀ @(NAs @(NI@p` @(NLq @(NPs @(NTs @(N]Ps @(Nus@     @(NKs @(NOs @(NTs @(N\p` @(N_q @(Ncs @(Nhhs @(Nps @(OD@  c   @(N_s @(Nc0s @(Nhs @(NpPp` @(Ns$q @(Nws @(N{s @(OB0 @(ON@  c  @(Nrs @(Nvs @(N{s @(OA @(OCVD @(OEN @(OG @(OK @(OXH@  
i @h  @(OC$i @h  @(OE4i @h  @(OGi @h  @(OKi @h  @(OM. i @h  @(OO&i @h  @(OQi @h	  @(OUi @h
 	 @(Ob i @h 
   @(OC @(OE  @(OG @(OK @(OMD @(OO @(OQ @(OU @(Ob@  ?i @( @(OGi @( @(OIi @( @(OLli @( @(OPi @( @(OQ i @( @(OSi @( @(OVXi @(	 @(OZi @(
 @(Ofi @(@  i @ @(OLi @ @(ONi @ @(OQ0i @ @(OULi @ @(OV i @ @(OXi @ @(O[i @	 @(O_Ti @
 @(Oki @@  i @ @(OQpi @ @(OSi @ @(OUi @ @(OZi @ @(O[z i @ @(O]ri @ @(O_i @	 @(Odi @
 @(Opli @@  /i @l @(OV4i @l @(OXDi @l @(OZi @l @(O^i @l @(O`> i @l @(Ob6i @l @(Odi @l	 @(Ohi @l
 @(Ou0i @l@  O i @0 @(OZi @0 @(O]i @0 @(O_|i @0 @(Oci @0 @(Oei @0 @(Ofi @0 @(Oihi @0	 @(Omi @0
 @(Oyi @0@  o i @  @(O_i @  @(Oai @  @(Od@i @  @(Oh\i @  @(Oii @  @(Oki @  @(On,i @ 	 @(Ordi @ 
 @(O~i @ @  i @  @(Odi @  @(Ofi @  @(Oii @  @(Om i @  @(Oni @  @(Opi @  @(Ori @ 	 @(Ow(i @ 
 @(PA1i @ @  i @ t @(OiDi @ t @(OkTi @ t @(Omi @ t @(Oqi @ t @(OsNi @ t @(OuFi @ t @(Owi @ t	 @(O{i @ t
 @(PD 1i @ t@  i @ 4 @(Oni @ 4 @(Opi @ 4 @(Ori @ 4 @(Ovi @ 4 @(Oxi @ 4 @(Oz
i @ 4 @(O|xi @ 4	 @(P@X1i @ 4
 @(PF1i @ 4@         
    h8i @  J 	 
  @  h6i @ @  h3i @@  h1i @h@  h.i @4  X.i @  N @  h, X,i @ @  X)i @@  X'i @h@  X$i @4  $i @  R @  X" "@i @ @  i @@   i @h@  `i @4  i @  V @   i @ @  @i @@  i @h@   i @4@  `@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ?      04c @       @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ?         L8d      ,ǅ8g@ 	        @   	
   d   `       ͙ @  `  0    ə @  `  0    ř @  `  04     @  `  0      @  `  0      @  `  04      @  `  04        `       ͙  @  `  0       `  0     ə @  `  0g       `  0    ř @  `  0   `  0|     @  `  0ƛ       `  0      @  `  05       `  0<      @  `  0       `  0|      @  `  04       `  0]      @  `  0ԁ       `  0      @  `  0̀      `  0ŝ      @  `  0      `  0<      @  `  0g      `  0      @  `  0մ       `  0{      @  `  0       `  0     @  `  0N     }  `  0]     @  `  0֚    y  `  0ԭ      @  `  0    u  `  0      @  `  04    q  `  0L     @  `  0ׁ    m  `  0՜     @  `  0     i  `  0     @  `  0  `  0<     } @  `  04     e  `  0֌     y @  `  0Z@    a  `  0     u @  `  0    ]  `  0+    q @  `  0@    Y  `  0{    m @  `  0̀    U  `  0     i @  `  0     Q  `  0 @  `  0    M  `  05    e @  `  0A     I  `  0]@    a @  `  0g@    E  `  0@    ] @  `  0    A  `  0     Y @  `  0@    =  `  0     U @  `  0    9  `  0     Q @  `  0     5  `  0$    M @  `  0'    1  `  0L    I @  `  0N     -  `  0t    E @  `  0t@    )  `  0圀    A @  `  0    %  `  0Ā    = @  `  0@  `  0@    9 @  `  0    !  `  0@    5 @  `  0       `  0<@    1 @  `  04      `  0d     - @  `  0[       `  0     ) @  `  0@      `  0    % @  `  0      `  0    ! @  `  0@    	  `  0     @  `  0      `  0+     @  `          `  0S     @   `  0{     @  `  0@     @  `  0@    	 @  `  0      @  `         @  @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @     `T      g Uq(  fff%] 	    Z    @   @   @    @    @   @   @    @   @   @   @    @   @  @ @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @    @   @    @   @    @   @    @  @  @  _@  @  ?@  ?@  ?@  @  ӿ@  ƿ@  @  ?@  ?@  @  @  }@  @  @  }@  `@   @  @  @  8@  $@  C(@  7@  f@  2@  ~ @  d{@  J{@  /@  @  }@  p~@  c~@  V>@  `~@  j@  u>@  ~@   @  ({ @  < @  Q @  f{ @  z @   @  H @  q @  7@  @       T 	  ! _    @   @   @  C  @    @  b  @  B @  #  @   @  r  @  b  @  R@ @  B @  2 @  #  @  @ @  @ @  y @  q @  j  @  o` @  t @  z  @  ` @  	 @  @ @    @    @  ` @  w` @  o` @  g` @  _@ @  W@ @  O@ @  G  @  ?  @  7  @  /  @  '  @    @  & @  . @  6@ @  >  @  E @  M @  U@ @  ]  @  d @  l @  t@ @  |  @   @    @  & @  6  @  E @  U  @  d @  t@ @   @  & @  E @  d @    @  E  @   @   @  @   @   @    @    @   @   @  ؀ @   @  @ @   @   @    @   @    @    @  ŀ @    @    @   @    @    @    @    @   @   @    !  T 	  " <    @   @    @    @   @   @   @    @   @   @   @   @   @   @   @    @  À @   @  @ @   @   @   @    @    @   @    @    @    @   @   @  \ @  2 @  \  @    @  p @  R  @  3 @   @  {  @  k @  \@ @  M  @  = @  .@ @    @  .@ @  = @  M  @  \@ @  k @  {  @   @  3 @  R  @  p @    @  \  @  2 @  \ @   @   	 " B T 	   #    @   @  @ i @@ 	 i @D@ 	 i @@ 	 i @@ 	 i @0@ 	 i @@ 	 i @t@ 	 i @@ 	 i @ @ 	 i @ \@  @   i @  @  ?    @    # A T @   
