Chem 334 - Fall 1998 - Organic Chemistry I
Portland State University - Dr. Carl C. Wamser


Chapter 1 Notes: Overview / Bonding and Structure

Overview of Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry

Organic chemists

How to handle variety

What should you get out of organic chemistry?

A reaction example

Bonding and Structure

The Periodic Table

Bonding - Lewis structures

Typical valence

Writing organic structures

3-Dimensional structures


Visualizing chemical structures


methane: CH4

benzene: C6H6

penicillin:

Try a 3-D image:

1) Click at the bottom after you read these instructions
2) Cross your eyes to see two double images
3) Make the middle images merge

Try it!

Your textbook includes a stereoviewer to make this process easier.


Atomic orbitals

Bonding

Molecular orbitals

Hybrid orbitals

Why hybrid orbitals?

Identifying the hybridization of carbon

 Neighboring Atoms

 Sigma Bonds

 Pi Bonds

 Hybrid

 Structure

 4

 4

 0

 sp3

 tetrahedral

 3

 3

 1

 sp2

 trigonal planar

 2

 2

 2

 sp

 linear

Molecular geometry by VSEPR

Electronegativity

Polar covalent bonds

Polar bonds to carbon

Functional Groups

Resonance

Electron-pushing