Organic Chemistry I

Chem 334 - Fall 2009

Chapter 4 Notes

Professor Carl C. Wamser

Alcohols and Alkyl Halides

Functional groups

alkyl halide: R-X (X = halogen atom)

alcohol: R-O-H (hydroxyl group)

Functional Group Classification

Alkyl Halide Nomenclature

Alcohol Nomenclature

Alcohol Examples


cyclohexyl alcohol or cyclohexanol

trans-4-methylcyclohexanol

Structure of Alcohols

Boiling Points of Alkyl Halides

Polarity of Alkyl Halides

Hydrogen Bonding

Effects of H-Bonding

Acid-Base Reactions of Alcohols

Mechanism of Proton Transfer - Potential energy diagram

Acidity of Alcohols

Substitution Reactions with HX - SN1 Mechanism

Carbocations

Reactivity

Hammond's Postulate

Substitution Reactions with HX - SN2 Mechanism

Halogen Substitution with Other Reagents

Halogenation of Alkanes

Free Radicals

Mechanism - Chain initiation

Mechanism - Chain propagation

Mechanism - Chain termination

Energetics

Halogenation of Larger Alkanes

Regioselectivity

Hammond's Postulate

Radical stability