-i, yik, yiki

a, an, one, some, any

(tavan)]

able to [be], v.

nazdik-i

about, adv., approximately, almost

dar barih-yi

about, adv., on the subject of

bala

above, upward, overhead, loft, up, over, on height

dard kardan

ache, v., hurt, v., be painful, v.

(ashina)

acquaintance, friend, acquainted, accustomed

ashna shudan

acquainted [get], v.

‘amal, kar, fi‘l

action, deed, act, n., work, n.

nishani dadan, adris nivishtan

address [give], v.

nishani, adris

address, n., indication, token, proof

idarih

administration, office

mal, nufuz

affluence, property, wealth, possession

piy-i/dunbal-i/ba‘d az

after, in pursuit of

ba‘d

after, next, afterwards, then

ba‘d az zuhr

afternoon

duwbarih

again, once more [repetition]

barabar, zidd, muqabil

against, face to face, other side

pish

ago, formerly, front, presence, before, at

kishavarzi

agriculture, farming

hava

air, n., weather, atmosphere, climate

furud-gah

airport

zindih budan

alive [be], v.

zindih

alive, adj., living, adj., live, adj., existing, adj.

bashih (bashad)

all right, O.K., let it be

tamam

all, whole, complete, adj., intact

hamih

all, whole, total, entire

badam

almond

hamin hala (ham aknun)

already, even now, at this time, by now

guzashtih az in (niz)

also, too, even, additionally

ham, hamchinin

also, too, likewise, furthermore, moreover, plus

agar chih

although

hamishih

always, forever, ever, evermore

ambulans

ambulence

imrika/amrika

America

amrika'i/ imrikayi

American

mablagh miqdar

amount

uw (va)

and

dard-i sar

annoyance, inconvenience, headache

javab

answer, n., reply, n., response, n., rejoinder, n.

javab dadan

answer, v., respond, v., reply, v., acknowledge, v.

har kas, kasi, kas

anyone, whoever, everyone

zahiran (zahira")

apparently, obviously, evidenty, seemingly

miyl (mayl)

appetite, n., desire, n., wish, n., mania, n., will, n.

sib

apple

avril

April

taq

arch, n., vault, arched roof, odd [number]

bazu

arm, n.

duwr, gird-i

around, about, round

varid shudan, risidan

arrive, v., entered [be], v., registered [be], v., imported [be], v.

hunar

art, knowledge, profession, talent

hamantawr kih, bituwri kih

as, in the same manner that, just as

pursidan [stem: purs]

ask, v., inquire, v.

suw'al kardan

asking [question], v.

dam-i, bih

at

aqallan (aqalla"), dast-i kam

at least

pa-yi

at the foot of, next to, lit.: the foot of

aknun, alan, hala

at this time, now

sar -i kar

at work, on duty

ut

August

utuwmubil

automobile, car

khiyabun (khiyaban)

avenue, street

pusht-i

back, behind

ma'khaz

basis, source [of reference]

[stems: hast, bash]

be, v., exist, v.

ziba

beautiful, pretty, handsome, attractive

zibayi

beauty, good looks, elegance, charm, n.

bih khatir-i, barayi inkih

because, for this reason that, since, in order to, for, for the sake of, on account of

takht

bed, throne, flat, even

zanbur

bee, wasp

pish az in

before this time, previously

qabl, pish

before, ago

juluw-yi (jiluw-yi)

before, in front of

pish az

before, in front of

shuru‘ kardan

begin, v., commence, v., start, v., originate, v.

shuru‘ shudan

begun [be], v., started [be], v., commenced [be], v.

dumbal (dunbal)

behind, after, trail, rear

bavar

belief, true, believing as true, acceptance

bavar kardani

believable, credible, plausible

bavar kardan

believe, v., be taken in by, v.

fayidih

benefit, n., fruit, result, n., profit, n.

pahlu, nazdik

beside, by the side of, close [to], near [to]

bihtarin, khubterin

best

bihtar/khubtar

better

miyan-i, biyn-i

between, among[st], among

buzurg

big, great, large, adult, adj.

siyah

black, dark, blackish, sable

mubarak

blessed, happy, fortunate, auspicious, congratulation!

abi

blue, aquatic

takhtih

board, n., plant, n.

badan, tan

body, torso, trunk, main body

kitab

book

(harduwra)

both of them

ham...ham...

both...and...

nun (nan)

bread

shikastan [stem: shkan (shikan)]

break, v., crack, v., snap, v., shatter, v.

subhanih

breakfast

sinih

breast, chest, bosom

dam

breath, choky air, edge, brim

avurdan (avardan) [stem: ar (avar)]

bring v., fetch v., carry v. , transfer, v.

shikastih

broken, adj. & p.p., broken down, shattered, cursive writing

baradar

brother

qahvihi

brown, brownish, amber, tan

[stem: saz]

build, v., make, v., put up, v., forge, v.

sipar

bumper, shield, n., safeguard, guard, n.

utuwbus

bus

vali, magar

but

kharidan [stem: khar]

buy, v., purchase, v., fig. : bribe, v.

(ta kunun)

by now, up to now, already, by this time

rassi (rasti)

by the way, truth, integrity, correctness

bala (bala')

calamity, misfortune, catastrophe, disaster

kanada

Canada

karvan

caravan

haml kardan

carry, v., transport, v., interpret, v.

sarma khuwrdan

catch cold, v.

sabab

cause, means

saqf, taq

ceiling, roof

jashn giriftan

celebrate, v., celebration [hold], v.

jashn

celebration, feast

sandali

chair, seat

gach

chalk, plaster [Iranian]

‘avaz kardan

change, v., replace, v., substitute, v., exchange, v.

mat

checkmated [in chess], frosted, translucent [of glass], astonished

bachchih

child, baby, infant, little one

chin

China

chini

Chinese, porcelain

sigar-i barg

cigar

sigar

cigarette

sinima

cinema, motion picture, movie

gird

circular, round, globous

shahr

city, town

kilas

class

pak

clean, adj., pure, absolutely, entirely

libas

clothing, garment, clothes, dress

abr

cloud

qahvih

coffee

sard

cold, adj., chilly, frigid, bleak

sarma

cold, n., cold weather, chilly

rang

color, n., paint, n.

tashrif avardan

come [formal], v., arrive [formal], v.

biya (biya)

come!, imp., let's!, imp.

amadan [stems: a, ay]

come, v.

rahat

comfortable, repose[ful], peaceful, convenient

hamrah

companion, fellow traveller, attendant, adherent

insha'

composition, writing, essay, style

shart

condition, n., term, stipulation, wager

mubarak bashih (mubarak bad, mubarak bashad)

congratulations!, May it be blessed!

sakhtiman

construction, building

zarf

container, holder, can, bowl, duration [of time]

mudam

continual, perpetual

zidd

contrary, opposite, antagonist, against

suhbat

conversation, talk, n., dialogue, chat, n.

harf

conversation, talk, n., letter [in alphabet], idle talk

tar

cord, wire, instrument [musical], dark

sahih, durust

correct, true, right, proper

gav

cow, ox

kaj

crooked, curved, wrong, unjust

farhang

culture, n., refinement, dictionary

‘adat

custom, habit, addiction, second nature

sadd

dam

raqs

dance, n., dancing, n.

khatar

danger, peril, hazzard, risk, n.

tarik

dark, obscure, dusky, lightless

dukhtar

daughter, girl, virgin

ruz

day

pas-farda

day after tomorrow

pariruz

day before yesterday

ruz bih ruz

day by day

murdih

dead

‘aziz, jan, girami

dear, darling, beloved, cherished

disambr

December

kam shudan,

decreased [be], v.i., lessened [be], v.i.

kam kardan

deduct, v., diminish, v., reduce, v., lessen, v.

ta'khir

delay, n., wait, n., lag, n., postponement

dir kardan

delay, v., late [to be], v.

dandan pizishk

dentist

dandan pizishki

dentistry

furush-gah

department store, store, supermarket

bastih bih

depends on [it]

sharh

description, account, report, sketch

miz

desk, table

zhalih

dew, hoarfrost, given name for female

[stem: mir]

die, v., perish, v., decease, v., runout, v.

farq

difference, distinction

dashtan [ba]

different than [to be], v.

mushkil

difficult, hard, tough, complicated

sham

dinner, supper

kasif (na-pak)

dirty, filthy, nasty, immoral

bi ‘alaqih

disinterested

talaq

divorce, n., legal separation, divorce decree[s]

talaq dadan

divorce, v., dismiss, v.

[stem: kun]

do, v., make, v., carry out, v., perform, v.

duktur

doctor, physician

sag

dog

dar

door, lid, gate, in

pa'in-i/payin-i

down, below, lower part, under bottom

khushk

dry, arid, tedious, monotonous

sukna (sukni)

dwelling, n., residence, home, domicile

hamdigih (hamdigar)

each other, one another

har

each, every, any

gush

ear

khavar

east, orient

khuwrdan [stem: khuwr]

eat, v., drink, v., hit [be], v., collide, v.

kinar

edge, side, shore, beside

khuwraki

edible, snack

misr

Egypt

misri

Egyptian

hasht

eight

ya...ya...

either...or...

barq

electricity, power, lightning, luster, polish

yazdah

eleven

khali

empty, adj., vacant, unoccupied, gap, adj.

dushman

enemy, foe

muhandis

engineer

muhandisi

engineering

inglis

England

inglisi

English, English language, British

bas

enough, sufficient, adequate, many

varid kardan

enter, v., register, v., import, v.

dakhil shudan

enter, v.i., get in, v.i., go inside, v.i., arrive, v.i.

barabar, musavi

equal [to], corresponding, comparative, analogous

ishtibah

error, wrong, miscalculation, slip of the tongue

hatta (hatti)

even, adv., even though, moreover, additionally

har ruz

every day

hamih kas, hamih

everybody, everyone, all [the people]

piyda (payda)

evident, apparent, obvious

bijuz

except

ghiyr az

except, besides, apart from

juz

except, other than

magih (magar)

except, unless, but

izafih

excess, addition, annexation, gram. : genitive marking

bibakhshid!

excuse me!, I'm sorry, Pardon me!

(giran)

expensive, costly, dear, high-priced

sharh dadan

explain, v., describe, v.

salam risandan

extend greetings, v., say hello, v.

(rasan)]

extend, v., deliver, v., cause to reach, v.

chishm (chashm)

eye, n., sight, n., vision, n.

ru

face

iman

faith, belief, constancy, fidelity

payiz

Fall [season], Autumn

‘ashiq shudan

fall in love, v.

[stem: uft]

fall, v. , fall down, v., decline, v.

khavar-i dur

far east

dur

far, distant, far-off, remote

kishavarz

farmer, tiller, cultivator

tund

fast, rapid, peppery hot

baba, pidar

father, daddy

fivriyyih

February

‘iyd (‘ayd, ‘id)

festival, feast, fiesta, celebration

tab

fever

rishtih

field [of study], speciality, string, vermicelli, spaghetti

panjah

fifty

piyda shudan

find [be], v.i.

piyda kardan

find, v., discover, v.

shuru‘

first steps, beginning, n., start, n., commencement

avval, yikum

first [ordinal of 'one']

panj

five

sabit

fixed, adj., firm, immovable, steady

gul

flower, n., rose, n., blossom, n., bloom, n., floret, bud, n.

mayil

fond, desirous, inclined

ghaza, khuwrak

food, meal

pa

foot, leg, base, foundation

papush

footwear, slipper, trap, n. difficulty

(masala")

for example

bahr-i, barayi, bikhatir-i

for the sake of, for

bikhatir-i

for the sake of, for

barayi, bahr-i

for, for the sake of, in order to, on account of

arz

foreign exchange, affluence, property, wealth

guzasht

forgiveness, generous disposition, remission, indulgence

char(chahar)

four

azadi

freedom, liberty

jum‘ih

Friday

dust

friend, n., acquaintance, n., well-wisher, n., intimate, n.

az

from, of, than, belonging to

juluw (jiluw)

front part, forward, ahead, advanced

pish/pish-i

front, prep., forward, ahead, before

mivih, samar

fruit, result, n., profit, n., reward, n.

pur

full, loaded, packed, gorged

garazh

garage

bagh

garden

bab, dar

gate, door, in, chapter

almani

German, German language

alman

Germany

pa shudan

get up, v., stand up, v., arise, v., awaken, v.

bidin!

give!, imp.

chashm

gladly, willingly, freely, cheerfully, O.K., all right, lit.: eye

shishih

glass, bottle, window glass, pane

guzashtan [stem: gzar (guzar)]

go onward, v.i., proceed, v.i. , pass, v.i., cross [traverse], v.i., spare, v.i., refrain from, v.i., forgive, v.i. & v. t.

tashrif burdan

go [formal], v., depart [formal], v.

buruw (biravid)

go!, imp.

[stem: r (rav)]

go, v., depart, v., go away, v., leave, v.

(in sha'allah)

God willing, I hope so, May God desire so

mitra

god of light, Persian given name for female

khuda

God, diety

muzhdih

good news, tidings, information

khub

good, fine, well

khuda hafiz

goodbye, may God protect you.

kala

goods, merchandise

angur

grapes

rah-i shuwsih

gravel road

buzurgi

greatness, size, magnitude, bigness

yunan

Greece

yunani

Greek

sabz

green, growing

salam kardan

greet, v., say hello, v.

rushd

growth, maturation, expansion, rise

pas

guard, n. pass, n. division [of the night], night watch

mihmun (mihman)

guest, visitor, caller, transient

balad

guide, n., escort, n.

tagarg

hail

mu

hair

arayish-gah

hairdresser's salon, barber shop, beauty salon

nisf (nim)

half, 50%

dast

hand, arm

sh (shav)]

[be], v.

khuwshi

happiness, bliss, cheer

khuwsh hal budan

happy [be], v., pleased [be], v.

khuwsh hal

happy, cheerful, well, adj., merry

khuwsh

happy, pleasant, lucky, well

sakht

hard, rocky, solid, firm

sift (sakht)

hard, stiff, solid, stony

‘iyb (‘ayb)

harm, n., defect, n., damage, shortcoming

bi azar

harmless

u, ishun (ishan)

he, she

sar

head, n., end, n., top, n., at, on, in, cap, lid, n., cover, n., chief, leader, summit

sar dard

headache

salamat

health, immunity, liberty, proper family name

(shinav)]

hear, v., listen, v., audition, v., harken, v.

dil

heart, mind, courage, middle

salam

hello! greeting, good morning! good afternoon!, good evening!

inja

here, this place

babak

hero of the 8th century Persia, given name for male

[stem: zan]

hit, v., beat, v., strike, v., knock, v., cut [hair], v., play [an instrument], v.

[stem: gir]

hold, v., take, v., arrest, v., grasp, v. receive, v., conquer, v., seize, v. apprehend, v.

ta‘ til

holiday, vacation, fiesta

khunih (khanih)

home, house

‘asal

honey

tashrif (tashrif)

honoring with a visit, ennobling

arizu, umid

hope, n., desire, n., expectation, prospect, n.

umidvar budan

hope, v., hopeful [be], v., wish for, v., anticipate, v.

umidvar

hopeful, expectant, anticipatory, optimistic

asb

horse

sa‘at

hour, time, clock, watch

manzil

house, lodging, n., home, accomodation

chand

how much, how many, some, several

chiqadr?, chih qadr?

how much?, how long?, how many?

chitawr?

how?, how about?, in what manner?

sad

hundred

‘ajalih

hurry, n., haste, n., rush, n.

shuwhar, hamsar

husband, mate, spouse

(man ham)

I also, me too

kashki (kash)

I wish that, I would that

man

I, me, my

bastani

ice cream

agar

if, though, provided, in the event

nadan

ignorant, unknowing, silly, foolish

muhimm

important, eventful, key, main

ru biru-yi

in front of, opposite to, vis-a-vis

tu/tuyi, dar

in, inside, on, into

bavar nakardani

incredible, unbelievable

hindustan

India

hindi

Indian, Hindi, from India

afrad

individuals

arzun (arzan)

inexpensive, cheap, cut-rate

abadi

inhabited place, flourishing condition, village

irs

inheritance, heirloom, heritage, legacy

bija-yi

instead of, in place of

ja-yi

instead of, in place of

kami

insufficiency, shortage, want, n., deficit, scarcity

‘aql

intellect, intelligence, wisdom, reason

qasd

intention, purpose, intent

mayil budan

interested [to be], v., like, v., desirous [to be], v.

jalib

interesting, noteworthy, appealing, racy

bih

into, to, good, quince

da‘vat

invitation

da‘vat kardan

invite, v.t.

da‘vat shudan

invited [to be], v.i.

iran

Iran, Persia

irani

Iranian, Persian

-ih, ast/hast

is, there is, he is, she is, it is

ya‘ni

it means, namely, that is to say, viz.

misl-i inkih

it seems as if, it looks like [this that]

un (an) unuw (anra)

it, that, him, her

italiya'i

Italian [language]

italiya

Italy

zhanviyyih

January

zhapun

Japan

zhapuni

Japanese

‘isa (‘isi)

Jesus

shukhi kardan

joke, v., play a trick for fun, v., tease, v., josh, v.

urdun

Jordan

qazi, davar

judge, jurist, arbitrator, referee

zhu'iyyih

July

zhu'an

June

[stem: kush]

kill, v., slaughter, v., assassinate, v.

kilumitr

kilometer

lutf, mihrbani

kindnesss, grace

[stem: bus]

kiss, v.

dar zadan

knock at the door, v.

danistan [stem: dun (dan)]

know [something, not someone], v.

(shinas)]

know, v. [someone or something], recognize, v., acquainted with [to be], v.

balad budan

know, v., informed [be], v., familiar with [be], v.

danish

knowledge, learning, n., privity, sophistication

chiragh

lamp, light, lantern

abazhur

lampshade

zaban

language, tongue

dishab

last night

(tul kashidan)

last, v., continue, v., take long, v.

dir shudan

late [to be], v., late [to get], v.

dir

late, tardy

khandidan [stem: khand]

laugh, v., smile, v., giggle, v., snicker, v.

khandih

laughter, laugh, n., giggle, n., mirth, n.

qanun

law, rule, ordinance, regulation

vakil

lawyer, attorney, member of bar, advocate

yad giriftan

learn, v., acquire [knowledge], v., study, v.

dana

learned, adj., wise, adj., knowledgeable, adj.

‘alim

learned, scientist, sage, scholar

chap

left, n. & adj., leftward, left hand, cross-eyed

kavih

legendary Persian hero, given name for male

limu

lemon

tul

length

kam, kami, yik kam, aqall

less, least, very little, minimum

dars

lesson

durugh

lie, n., untruth, falsehood, fabrication

zindigi, 'umr

life, lifetime, living, n.

rushan, ruwshan

light [not dark], bright, sophisticated, open, adj., clear, adj., lighted

misl

like, as, likeness, peer

miyl dashtan (mayl dashtan)

like, v., desire, v., want, v., appetite [to have], v.

khatt

line, lane, handwriting, streak, script

lab

lip, edge, brim

gush dadan/kardan

listen, v.

kam kam

little by little, gradually

kam

little, few, scanty, short, slight, meager, less

zindigi kardan

live, v., exist, v., be, v., subsist, v.

bar

load, n., burden, n., bar, n.

gum kardan

lose, v.t.