I. VOCABULARY - PERSIAN - ENGLISH

Instructions: Add diacritical marks to the following vocabuary, and write in Persian script on lines provided.

______________	‘adat	custom, habit, addiction, second nature
______________	‘ajalih	hurry, n., haste, n., rush, n.
______________	‘alim	learned, scientist, sage, scholar
______________	‘amal, kar, fi‘l	action, deed, act, n., work, n.
______________	‘aql	intellect, intelligence, wisdom, reason
______________	‘arusi	wedding, marriage
______________	‘asal	honey
______________	‘ashiq	lover, fond, paramour
______________	‘ashiq shudan	fall in love, v.
______________	‘avaz kardan	change, v., replace, v., substitute, v., exchange, v.
______________	‘aziz, jan, girami	dear, darling, beloved, cherished
______________	‘isa (‘isi)	Jesus
______________	‘ishq	love, ardor, crush, affection
______________	‘iyb (‘ayb)	harm, n., defect, n., damage, shortcoming
______________	‘iyd (‘ayd, ‘id)	festival, feast, fiesta, celebration
______________	‘iydi (‘aydi)	new year’s gift
______________	‘ubur kardan [az]	pass [through, from], v.i., cross, v. i., taverse, v.i.
______________	‘ubur, guzar	passing, n., crossing, n., transit, n.
______________	‘ud	lute, aloe wood
______________	-i, -yi	of
______________	-i, yik, yiki	a, an, one, some, any
______________	-ih, ast/hast	is, there is, he is, she is, it is
______________	-tun (-tan)	your, poss. pron. , of you, poss. pron.
______________	ab	water, liquid, juice, H2O
______________	abadi	inhabited place, flourishing condition, village
______________	abazhur	lampshade
______________	abi	blue, aquatic
______________	abr	cloud
______________	adam, bashar, insan	mankind, one, person, human being
______________	advar	periods, epochs
______________	afrad	individuals
______________	aftab	sun[shine]
______________	agar	if, though, provided, in the event
______________	agar chih	although
______________	aknun, alan, hala	at this time, now
______________	albattih	of course, certainly
______________	alman	Germany
______________	almani	German, German language
______________	amadan [stems: a, ay]	come, v.
______________	ambulans	ambulence
______________	amrika'i/ imrikayi	American
______________	an	that, demst. pron..
______________	anar	pomegranate
______________	angur	grapes
______________	ankih	that which, that, one who, who
______________	aqallan (aqalla"), dast-i kam	at least
______________	arayish	make-up, cosmetic, arrangement
______________	arayish-gah	hairdresser's salon, barber shop, beauty salon
______________	arizu, umid	hope, n., desire, n., expectation, prospect, n.
______________	arz	foreign exchange, affluence, property, wealth
______________	arzidan [stem: arz]	worth [be], v. cost, v.
______________	arzun (arzan)	inexpensive, cheap, cut-rate
______________	asb	horse
______________	ashna (ashina)	acquaintance, friend, acquainted, accustomed
______________	ashna shudan	acquainted [get], v.
______________	avril	April
______________	avurdan (avardan) [stem: ar (avar)]	bring v., fetch v., carry v. , transfer, v.
______________	avval, yikum	first [ordinal of 'one']
______________	aya?	whether?
______________	az	from, of, than, belonging to
______________	az taraf-i	on behalf of
______________	azadi	freedom, liberty
______________	azash (az u)	of him, from him
______________	ba	with, by means of, to
______________	ba ham	together
______________	ba‘d	after, next, afterwards, then
______________	ba‘d az zuhr	afternoon
______________	bab, dar	gate, door, in, chapter
______________	baba, pidar	father, daddy
______________	babak	hero of the 8th century Persia, given name for male
______________	bachchih	child, baby, infant, little one
______________	bad	wind, n., swelling, air, puff
______________	badam	almond
______________	badan, tan	body, torso, trunk, main body
______________	bagh	garden
______________	bagh-i angur	vineyard
______________	bagh-i mivih	orchard
______________	bahar (bahar)	spring [season]
______________	bahr-i, barayi, bikhatir-i	for the sake of, for
______________	bahram	Mars, given name for male
______________	bakhshidan [stem: bakhsh]	pardon, v., excuse, v., forgive, v., bestow, v.
______________	bala	above, upward, overhead, loft, up, over, on height
______________	bala (bala')	calamity, misfortune, catastrophe, disaster
______________	balad	guide, n., escort, n.
______________	balad budan	know, v., informed [be], v., familiar with [be], v.
______________	bar	load, n., burden, n., bar, n.
______________	bar	upon, on, with, of
______________	bar dashtan [stem: bar dar]	take, v., pick up, v., lift, v., raise, v.
______________	barabar, musavi	equal [to], corresponding, comparative, analogous
______________	barabar, zidd, muqabil	against, face to face, other side
______________	baradar	brother
______________	barayi, bahr-i	for, for the sake of, in order to, on account of
______________	barf	snow
______________	baridan [stem: bar]	rain, v.[impersonal], fall, v.[impersonal], shower, v.[impersonal], pour, v.[impersonal]
______________	barik	narrow, slender, thin, slim
______________	barq	electricity, power, lightning, luster, polish
______________	barun (baran)	rain, n., rainfall, downpour, shower, n.
______________	bas	enough, sufficient, adequate, many
______________	bashih (bashad)	all right, O.K., let it be
______________	bastan	tie, v., close, v., bind, v., bar, v.
______________	bastani	ice cream
______________	bastih	package, parcel, closed, tied
______________	bastih bih	depends on [it]
______________	bavar	belief, true, believing as true, acceptance
______________	bavar kardan	believe, v., be taken in by, v.
______________	bavar kardani	believable, credible, plausible
______________	bavar nakardani	incredible, unbelievable
______________	bayad	must, should [one], has to [one], ought to [one] necessary [it is]
______________	baz	open, adj., extended, unclosed, yet
______________	baz budan	open [be], v.
______________	baz kardan	open, v., spread, v., disclose, v.
______________	bazu	arm, n.
______________	bi ‘alaqih	disinterested
______________	bi azar	harmless
______________	bi ijazih	unauthorized
______________	bi ma‘ni	meaningless
______________	bi, bidun-i	without
______________	bibakhshid!	excuse me!, I'm sorry, Pardon me!
______________	bidar	wakeful, alert, vigilant, watchful
______________	bidin!	give!, imp.
______________	bifarma'id/ bifarmayid	Please tell me!, May I help you?, Come in!, Be my guest!, after you!, would you tell me.
______________	bih	into, to, good, quince
______________	bih khatir-i, barayi inkih	because, for this reason that, since, in order to, for, for the sake of, on account of
______________	bihit/bih tuw/ bih shuma	to you
______________	bihtar/khubtar	better
______________	bihtarin, khubterin	best
______________	bija-yi	instead of, in place of
______________	bijuz	except
______________	bikhatir-i	for the sake of, for
______________	bilit	ticket
______________	bimawqi‘, bih muwqi‘	on time, timely, opportune
______________	birun	outside, out, outdoor, exterior
______________	birun kardan	send out, v., kick out, v., dismiss, v., fire, v.
______________	bishtar (bish)	more, more often, longer, exceeding
______________	bishtarin	most, greater part, greatest part
______________	bist	twenty
______________	bituwrikih	so that, as, in such a manner that
______________	bivasilih-yi	through, by means of, due to, on account of
______________	biya (biya)	come!, imp., let's!, imp.
______________	biyn (bayn)	middle, distance between, in the meantime, interval
______________	biyt (bayt)	verse, poetic couplet, distich, house
______________	bizar (biguzar)!	you let!, imp., let's!, imp.
______________	bud	was [he/she/it], v., existence, n. being, n.
______________	budan [stems: hast, bash]	be, v., exist, v.
______________	buland	tall, towering, alpine, high
______________	bulbul	nightingale, canary
______________	burd	took [he/she/it], v., carried, v., winning, n., amount won, n.
______________	burdan [stem: bar]	take, v., carry, v., lead, v., win, v.
______________	buruw (biravid)	go!, imp.
______________	busidan [stem: bus]	kiss, v.
______________	buzurg	big, great, large, adult, adj.
______________	buzurgi	greatness, size, magnitude, bigness
______________	cha'i (chay)	tea
______________	chah	well, n., pit, n.
______________	chahar-pa	quadruped, animal
______________	chand	how much, how many, some, several
______________	chap	left, n. & adj., leftward, left hand, cross-eyed
______________	char(chahar)	four
______________	charshambih/ chaharshanbih	Wednesday
______________	chashm	gladly, willingly, freely, cheerfully, O.K., all right, lit.: eye
______________	chatr	umbrella
______________	chi? (chih?)	what?
______________	chidan [stem: chin]	pick up, v., pick, v., clip, v., set, v.
______________	chin	China
______________	chini	Chinese, porcelain
______________	chiqadr?, chih qadr?	how much?, how long?, how many?
______________	chira	yes [answer to a negative question]
______________	chira?	why?, why not?
______________	chiragh	lamp, light, lantern
______________	chishm (chashm)	eye, n., sight, n., vision, n.
______________	chitawr?	how?, how about?, in what manner?
______________	chiz/chizi	thing
______________	chizi, yik chiz	something
______________	da‘vat	invitation
______________	da‘vat kardan	invite, v.t.
______________	da‘vat shudan	invited [to be], v.i.
______________	dad	shout, n., scream, n., yell, n., equity
______________	dad zadan/ dad kishidan	yell, v., shout, v., scream, v.
______________	daf‘ih	time, n., occasion, n., instance, n.
______________	daf’ih-yi digih	next time, on another occasion
______________	dah	ten
______________	dakhil shudan	enter, v.i., get in, v.i., go inside, v.i., arrive, v.i.
______________	dam	breath, choky air, edge, brim
______________	dam kardan	steam, v.t., draw, v.t., extract essence from. v.t.
______________	dam kishidan	steam, v.i., steamed [become], v.i.
______________	dam-i dast	nearby, at hand, handy, at
______________	damagh (bini)	nose, brain
______________	dana	learned, adj., wise, adj., knowledgeable, adj.
______________	dandan	tooth
______________	dandan pizishk	dentist
______________	dandan pizishki	dentistry
______________	danish	knowledge, learning, n., privity, sophistication
______________	danistan [stem: dun (dan)]	know [something, not someone], v.
______________	dar	door, lid, gate, in
______________	dar barih-yi	about, adv., on the subject of
______________	dar zadan	knock at the door, v.
______________	dar, nazdik-i, sar-i, dam-i, bih	at
______________	dard	pain, ache, ailment, agony
______________	dard kardan	ache, v., hurt, v., be painful, v.
______________	dard-i sar	annoyance, inconvenience, headache
______________	darrih	valley, canyon, gorge, glen
______________	dars	lesson
______________	dars dadan	teach, v., give lesson[s], v.
______________	dars khwandan	study, v., receive education, v.
______________	dast	hand, arm
______________	dastan	story, tale, fable
______________	didan [stem: bin]	see, v., visit, v., notice, v., observe, v.
______________	digaran [pl. of digar]	others
	digih (digar)	other, another, anymore, next
______________	dil	heart, mind, courage, middle
______________	dir	late, tardy
______________	dir kardan	delay, v., late [to be], v.
______________	dir shudan	late [to be], v., late [to get], v.
______________	dirakht	tree
______________	diruz	yesterday
______________	disambr	December
______________	dishab	last night
______________	diy (day)	month of winter [the first], month of the year [the tenth]
______________	dukhtar	daughter, girl, virgin
______________	duktur	doctor, physician
______________	dumbal (dunbal)	behind, after, trail, rear
______________	dur	far, distant, far-off, remote
______________	durugh	lie, n., untruth, falsehood, fabrication
______________	durust	right, exact, correct, true
______________	dushman	enemy, foe
______________	dust	friend, n., acquaintance, n., well-wisher, n., intimate, n.
______________	dust dashtan	love, v., like, v., fond of [to be], v.
______________	duvvum, duvvumi	second [ordinal of 'two']
______________	duw	two
______________	duwbarih	again, once more [repetition]
______________	duwr zadan	make a U turn, v., go round, v., rotate, v., orbit, v.
______________	duwr, gird-i	around, about, round
______________	duwr-uw var (duwr-uw bar) atraf [pl. of taraf]	surroundings, suburbs, outskirts, around
______________	duwshanbih	Monday
______________	fahm	understanding, comprehension, realization
______________	fahmidan [stem: fahm]	understand, v., comprehend, v., realize, v., find out, v.
______________	faravun (faravan)	plenty, abundant, in great supply
______________	farda	tomorrow
______________	farda shab	tomorrow night
______________	farhang	culture, n., refinement, dictionary
______________	farmudan	order, v., tell, v., command, v.
______________	farq dashtan [ba]	different than [to be], v.
______________	farq	difference, distinction
______________	farq kardan	make a difference, v.
______________	farsi	Persian, Persian language
______________	fayidih	benefit, n., fruit, result, n., profit, n.
______________	fi‘l	verb, act, an action, deed
______________	fi‘lan (fi‘la")	temporarily, for now, actually, for the present
______________	fikr	thought, idea, mind, n., care, n.,
______________	fikr kardan	think, v., ponder, v., meditate, v., muse, v.
______________	fivriyyih	February
______________	furud-gah	airport
______________	furukhtan [stem: furush]	sell, v.
______________	furush-gah	department store, store, supermarket
______________	gach	chalk, plaster [Iranian]
______________	gah (gah)	time, place, office, dignity
______________	gah-gahi (gah gah)	occasionally, from time to time
______________	gahi	sometimes, once in a while
______________	ganj	treasure
______________	garazh	garage
______________	garm	warm, hot, enthusiastic, friendly
______________	gav	cow, ox
______________	ghamgin/dil-shikastih	sad, sorrowful, grieved, heavy-hearted
______________	gharaz	motive, purpose, private, grudge
______________	gharb (bakhtar)	west, occident
______________	ghaza, khuwrak	food, meal
______________	ghiyr az	except, besides, apart from
______________	ghurub	sunset, setting
______________	ghurub kardan	set [as sun], v.
______________	gird	circular, round, globous
______________	giriftan [stem: gir]	hold, v., take, v., arrest, v., grasp, v. receive, v., conquer, v., seize, v. apprehend, v.
______________	girun (giran)	expensive, costly, dear, high-priced
______________	guftan [stem: g (guy)]	say, v., tell, v.
______________	gul	flower, n., rose, n., blossom, n., bloom, n., floret, bud, n.
______________	gum kardan	lose, v.t.
______________	gum shudan	lost [be], v.i.
______________	gunagun	various, differing, kinds, of several, versatile
______________	gurg	wolf
______________	gush	ear
______________	gush dadan/kardan	listen, v.
______________	guzar	passage, passing, n.
______________	guzarandan [stem: gzarun (guzaran)]	pass, v.t., spend [time], v.t., ratify, v.t., let go, v.t., approved by vote, v.t.
______________	guzasht	forgiveness, generous disposition, remission, indulgence
______________	guzashtan [stem: gzar (guzar)]	go onward, v.i., proceed, v.i. , pass, v.i., cross [traverse], v.i., spare, v.i., refrain from, v.i., forgive, v.i. & v. t.
______________	guzashtan [stem: zar (guzar)]	put, v., leave, v., place, v., let, v., allow, v., permit, v.
______________	guzashtih az in (niz)	also, too, even, additionally
______________	hafiz	protector, keeper, guardian
______________	haft	seven
______________	haftih	week
______________	hal	state [of being, condition, health], n., circumstance, n.
______________	hala, alan (aknun)	now, at present, just now, at this time
______________	ham, hamchinin	also, too, likewise, furthermore, moreover, plus
______________	ham-utaq, ham-utaqi	roommate
______________	ham...ham...	both...and...
______________	hamantawr kih, bituwri kih	as, in the same manner that, just as
______________	hamdigih (hamdigar)	each other, one another
______________	hamih	all, whole, total, entire
______________	hamih kas, hamih	everybody, everyone, all [the people]
______________	hamin	this very, this same
______________	hamin hala (ham aknun)	already, even now, at this time, by now
______________	hamishih	always, forever, ever, evermore
______________	haml	transport, shipment, carrying, bearing
______________	haml kardan	carry, v., transport, v., interpret, v.
______________	haml-uw naql	transportation
______________	haml-uw naql shudan	shipped [be], v.i., transported [be], v.i.
______________	hamrah	companion, fellow traveller, attendant, adherent
______________	hamrah-i	together with, along with
______________	hamun (haman)	that very, that same
______________	hamzih	pause [a glottal stop], given name for male
______________	haqq	right, privilege, title, fee
______________	har	each, every, any
______________	har chih bishtar bihtar	more the better, the
______________	har duw (harduwra)	both of them
______________	har gah, har vaqt	whenever, in case, in the event that
______________	har kas, kasi, kas	anyone, whoever, everyone
______________	har ruz	every day
______________	harf	conversation, talk, n., letter [in alphabet], idle talk
______________	harf zadan	speak, v., talk, v., chatter, v.
______________	hasht	eight
______________	hatta (hatti)	even, adv., even though, moreover, additionally
______________	hava	air, n., weather, atmosphere, climate
______________	hazir	ready, prepared, present, adj.
______________	hazz	pleasure, delight, enjoyment
______________	hich kudum (hich kudam)	none [of them], no one, neither
______________	hichchi, hich, hich chiz	nothing, nil, zero, nullify
______________	hindi	Indian, Hindi, from India
______________	hindustan	India
______________	hunar	art, knowledge, profession, talent
______________	huquq	pay, n., stipend, rights, law
______________	idarih	administration, office
______________	iman	faith, belief, constancy, fidelity
______________	imrika/amrika	America
______________	imruz	today
______________	imruz subh	morning, this morning
______________	imshab	tonight
______________	in	this, dmnst. pron.
______________	inglis	England
______________	inglisi	English, English language, British
______________	inja	here, this place
______________	insan	person, individual, man, mankind
______________	insha'	composition, writing, essay, style
______________	iran	Iran, Persia
______________	irani	Iranian, Persian
______________	irs	inheritance, heirloom, heritage, legacy
______________	ishallah (in sha'allah)	God willing, I hope so, May God desire so
______________	ishtibah	error, wrong, miscalculation, slip of the tongue
______________	ishtibah kardan	mistake [make], v.
______________	iskatland	Scotland
______________	iski	ski
______________	ism (nam)	name
______________	ispurt	sport
______________	istadan	stand, v., wait, v., stop, v., cease, v.
______________	istgah	station [bus & train], spot, standing place
______________	istikan	tea glass
______________	istirahat	resting, n., rest, n., repose, n., relaxation
______________	istirahat kardan	rest, v., relax, v., time out [to take], v.
______________	italiya	Italy
______________	italiya'i	Italian [language]
______________	izafih	excess, addition, annexation, gram. : genitive marking
______________	izdivaj	marriage, wedding, matrimony, wedlock
______________	izdivaj kardan	marry, v., married [to get], v., wed, v., mate, v.
______________	ja	place, n., seat, n., room, space
______________	ja bih ja shudan	move from one place to another, v.i.
______________	ja dar	spacious, roomy, commodious, extensive
______________	ja-yi	instead of, in place of
______________	jadid	new, modern, recent, up-to-date
______________	jalib	interesting, noteworthy, appealing, racy
______________	jashn	celebration, feast
______________	jashn giriftan	celebrate, v., celebration [hold], v.
______________	javab	answer, n., reply, n., response, n., rejoinder, n.
______________	javab dadan	answer, v., respond, v., reply, v., acknowledge, v.
______________	javan	young, teenage, juvenile, immature
______________	jiddi	serious, earnest, solemn, efficient
______________	jiddi budan	serious [to be], v., grim [to be], v.
______________	jiddi giriftan	take seriously, v.
______________	jiddi guftan	mean, v., say something seriously, v.
______________	jiluw-yi chizi-ra giriftan	stop something, v.
______________	jiluw-yi kasi-ragiriftan	stop someone, v.
______________	jughd	owl
______________	juluw (jiluw)	front part, forward, ahead, advanced
______________	juluw-yi (jiluw-yi)	before, in front of
______________	jum‘ih	Friday
______________	jumlih	sentence
______________	juz	except, other than
______________	kabab	meat roasted on a skewer, roasted meat, broiled meat
______________	kabk	partridge
______________	kaf	palm of the hand, sole of the foot, river bed, foam
______________	kaghaz	paper, letter
______________	kaj	crooked, curved, wrong, unjust
______________	kaj	sea pine
______________	kala	goods, merchandise
______________	kam	little, few, scanty, short, slight, meager, less
______________	kam kam	little by little, gradually
______________	kam kardan	deduct, v., diminish, v., reduce, v., lessen, v.
______________	kam shudan,	decreased [be], v.i., lessened [be], v.i.
______________	kam, kami, yik kam, aqall	less, least, very little, minimum
______________	kam-uw bish,	more or less
______________	kami	insufficiency, shortage, want, n., deficit, scarcity
______________	kanada	Canada
______________	kar	work, n., job, affair, business
______________	kardan [stem: kun]	do, v., make, v., carry out, v., perform, v.
______________	kargah	workshop, factory, working place
______________	karvan	caravan
______________	kas/kasi	someone, somebody, someone, person
______________	kashki (kash)	I wish that, I would that
______________	kashtan [stem: kar]	plant, v., sow, v.
______________	kasif (na-pak)	dirty, filthy, nasty, immoral
______________	kavih	legendary Persian hero, given name for male
______________	khal	spot, speckle, mole, beauty-mark
______________	khali	empty, adj., vacant, unoccupied, gap, adj.
______________	khamush	off, disconnected, silent, noiseless, modest
______________	khamush kardan	turn off, v., silence, v., hush, v., muzzle, v.
______________	khandidan [stem: khand]	laugh, v., smile, v., giggle, v., snicker, v.
______________	khandih	laughter, laugh, n., giggle, n., mirth, n.
______________	kharid	shopping, n., purchase, n., buying, n.
______________	kharidan [stem: khar]	buy, v., purchase, v., fig. : bribe, v.
______________	kharij	out, outside, external, outdoors
______________	khass	special, distinctive, sole, specific
______________