Women in American Cosmology
Jack C. Straton
University Studies
Portland State University.
Sources 1 - Women & Astronomy
"Gender and Science: Women in American Astronomy, 1859-1940," (by John Lankford and Rickey L. Savings, Physics Today 43, 58 (March 1990)).
For images see
http://www2.lucidcafe.com/lucidcafe/library/95aug/mitchell.htmlSources 2 - Cepheids
Mnemonic: Oh Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me! vs. Only Boys Accepting Feminism Get Kissed Meaningfully
R. Robert Robbins, William H. Jefferys, and Stephen J. Shawl, Discovering Astronomy 3ed, (Wiley, NY, 1995), p. 297.
Jpeg: Henrietta Swan Leavitt (1868-1921)
http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Leavitt,_Henrietta_Swan@871234567.htmlText
http://www.netsrq.com/~dbois/leavitt.htmlPeriod-luminosity relation for Chepheid variable stars. http://www.stsci.edu/stsci/meetings/shst2/hughess.html
Jpeg: the milky-way
http://www.astro.virginia.edu/%7Eeww6n/astro/MilkyWayGalaxy.htmlGif: The Andromeda nebula
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/andromeda_moo.gifsee Hubble’s original image at
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960406.html http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=18.01Jpeg: Near-by galaxies called the local group
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=18.17JPEG: M100 Color HST
JPEG M100 Cepheid Variable HST
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pr/94/49.htmlHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE MEASURES PRECISE DISTANCE TO THE MOST REMOTE GALAXY YET.
Dr. Wendy L. Freedman PRESS RELEASE NO.: STScI-PR94-49 Carnegie Observatories (818) 304-0204
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/press-releases/94-49.txt /A>JPEG: NGC4881 & Coma Cluster
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/jpeg/NGC4881.jpg
Day 3 - Hubble Expansion
Jpeg: Hubble at telescope
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=18.01Slide 115, galaxy spectra showing red shifts.
Eric Chaisson & Steve McMillan, Astronomy Today 2ed (Prentic Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996), Fig. 24.22.
Early diagram by E. Hubble and M. Humason showing the relationship between galaxy velocity and distance.
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=18.11A modern version of the Hubble law.
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=18.12Julie Corless or James Cornell (617) 495-7461
A Cosmic "Custom Yardstick" Yields Age of 14 Billion Years
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/background-text/hnought.txtJPEG SN1994I Whirlpool HST
http://oposite.stsci.edu/ftp/pubinfo/jpeg/SN1994I.jpgQuasar 3C 48
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=19.14Jpeg: Quasar image
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=19.13see also
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/gif38.gifhttp://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pr/96/35.html
Jpeg: Twin Quasar AC114 Fg25_021.pct
Eric Chaisson & Steve McMillan, Astronomy Today 2ed (Prentic Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996), Fig. 25.21.
Jpeg: 1/Ho fg26_013 .pct
Eric Chaisson & Steve McMillan, Astronomy Today 2ed (Prentic Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996), Fig. 26.13.
Sources 4 - Big Bang
gif: Cobe plank spectrum.gif
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=20.08Jpeg: Light from distant galaxies will be gravitationally lensed by an intervening galaxy, galactic cluster, or black hole directly along the line of sight.
Jpeg – closed universe alias
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=20.15jpeg–open universe
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=20.14Jpeg: Expansion
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pr/96/21/expand.jpgpict– 1/Ho fg26_013 .pct
Eric Chaisson & Steve McMillan, Astronomy Today 2ed (Prentic Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996), Fig. 26.13.
alternative:
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=20.13Jpeg: Helium formation
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=20.18jpeg– CosmicTimeline_gr.jpg alias
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/cosmology/1.html#CosmicPictureIllustrationSee also
http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/bb_history.html
gif–COBE anisotropy.gif
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=20.08see also
http://universe.colorado.edu/universe/tango/figures.qry?function=number&number=20.07http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pr/1998/01/
Day 5 - Large -scale structure
Jpeg: Spacetime foamy at Plank scale
source forgotten
MPEG (Movie): Structure 2-sphere big bang
http://zeus.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8080/mpeg/absolute.mpgMPEG: Structure 2d_to_3d transition
http://zeus.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8080/mpeg/2d_to_3d.mpgMPEG: Structure 3-d gas density, CDM
http://zeus.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8080/mpeg/gas_density.mpgMPEG: Struct. Gas Density Flythrough
http://zeus.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8080/mpeg/density_flythru.mpg
Walls within Voids article
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/Cosmos/WallsVoids.htmlJpeg: Margaret Geller & structure
http://cannon.sfsu.edu/Physics_public_html/gmarcy/cswa/cswa/history/geller.html