1. The presence of rampart craters and polygonal terrain on Mars are generally interpreted to indicate which of the following?
 a. massive floods coursed across the surface of Mars in the past.
 b. glaciers were active in carving channels on the surface of Mars.
 c. water was recently flowing on the surface of the planet.
 d. groundwater or ground-ice (permafrost) was present in near-surface regions of the planet.
 e. none of the above.
 

2. A shepherding satellite is best described as which of the following?
a. any small moon that has been tidally disrupted.
b. any small moon located within the Roche limit of a planet.
c. any moon that helps control the structure of planetary rings.
d. any moon, large or small, that controls the position of another moon in orbit around a planet.
e. none of the above.
 
 

3. The lunar maria are primarily composed of which of the following types of rocks?
a. impact breccias and impact-melt rocks
b. anorthosite, troctolite, and norite
c. basalt and gabbro
d. both a and b
e. both a and c