objects/pragmatism.html
reference: Norton 2005
unified study that brings together values and facts
authentic issue
undertaken by a community
could be of scholars, stakeholders, etc.
such as in common use: going to solve the problem and not let political or philosophical considerations get in the way of a good solution
environmental or sustainable use: contingent beliefs can be used to take action
not a belief with pre- or extra- experiential "truths"
pg xiii - "proposed linguistic innovations will be tested not against preexperiential ideologies, but against real-world problems and case studies, including controlled experiments whenever possible."
most scientists "adhere sharply to the positvist precept that factual and normative discourse are best separated.
I argue
1) facts and values must be discussed together
2) norms and environmenal values need to be open for questioning and revision
"So I also follow the pragmatist idea of the unity of inquiry, which holds that there is only one way to improve both empirical understanding and normative judgement: experience."
pg 49 - "What unifies inquiry, according to pragmastits, is a community's shared focus on a real-world problem."
pg 59 - pragmatism = "contingent beliefs that are nevertheless used as a basis for action"
pg 76 - "The best way to understand pragmatism as a habit of mind - a habit of mind useful in guiding environmental thought - is to understand pragmatists' central argument, which is an argument for a new way of thinking about language in relation to the world."
pg 461 - "The question is whether environmental scientists can move beyond the limitations imposed by the putative fact-value divide and develop a unified, pragmatic method of ...
use models to clarify management issues
1. models that help improve communication
2. multiscalar participatory
3. address the fact-value issues
models make a contribution but cannot replace ordinary discourse
pg 507 - "Pragmatists believe that dichotomies and dualisms usually stand in for disguised continua .."