Lecture 6

February 10, 2005

lab - special announcment

1. case study application discussion

analyzing waste reduction incentives/recycling

reduce/reuse/recycle

penalties vs. incentives

 

2. Quiz 2

3. Introduction to "Unit 3"

Two philosophers

Wendel Berry - solve in the pattern

Rosanne Rosannadana - it's always something

consequences of human action

unintended or unavoidable?

dissipation

 

Main topics deal with pollution

• precautionary principle
• hazards, exposure, harm and risk
• toxicology
• perception of risk
• unintended consequences
• *****
• types of air pollution
• costs and clean up
• ******
• climate and climate change
• human effects: greenhouse effect and ozone depletion
• global warming
• ********
• types of water pollution
• eutrophication of lakes
• ground water contamination
• treatment options

 

4. Precautionary Principle

link

overall goal of risk assessment and management

reduce impact of risks on human health

 

 

5. Hazards, exposure, harm and risk

types of hazards

causes of death

calculation of risk

exposure x harm = risk

small exposure x extreme harm can equal high risk

 

definition of exposure and harm

 

6. Toxicology

I will focus on chemicals in the environment on human health - toxicology studies more than that

dose responses are different

based on chemicals

based on path of uptake

based on individuals

maybe other factors (health of population in general)

paths of the toxins in the environment

 

overall dose response

too little, just right, too much

squeeze (Zn, Cu, Cd)

 

7. Public perception of risk

doesn't match actual risk

we over estimate rare events (tornados and wierd diseases)

under estimate common factors (tobacco, etc)

we will accept certain risks voluntarily

 

 

8. Ecological and human risk

we have focused on human risk here

human activities and pollution threaten ecological functions