WPC \3]RO7^/΂~x&@`3v$K;3א4 `€=IdFLQ sd2[<-3m,GQ` ź>ɭv=!A \u6w)[l7nD&M "kmjN/6'* A;!xSvf`zZs֌(y=_P)&rr3u2gG [v_[O)dX1nbBS V&w/P}gï}s)＿}7ǡ7=CO &n8D¯L?$6&k5KH#KaVخZ{";rF W#!UN %1 0Y7^ w@4 m J 0b 0D HC {( J UN HKUNN BPrintzilla0(  Z6Times New Roman RegularX(1|($)Ĩ(XXE&  DDabDvE+[l%ing3|xU @  $)^(XXE    1    _ԀOptional.Ididnotincludethisinmyspecificationsbutitsagoodideaandmayfeedintoyour X gradeespeciallyifitsnotclearinyouroralpresentation.(M(3$ |(!)^(XXE      0  (#$  0   >  $)^(XXE    2    _ԀNontraditionalformat.Ididthisbecausethesehavehadmanydifferentprintings.Ifyoudo X anythinglikethis,besuretoaddanexplanationofwhyyoudidit.($ @  $M XX    1    _ԀOptional.Ididnotincludethisinmyspecificationsbutitsagoodideaandmayfeedintoyour X gradeespeciallyifitsnotclearinyouroralpresentation.(  Z6Times New Roman Regular >  $M XX    2    _ԀNontraditionalformat.Ididthisbecausethesehavehadmanydifferentprintings.Ifyoudo X anythinglikethis,besuretoaddanexplanationofwhyyoudidit.(  Z6Times New Roman Regular d |(!)^(XXE  _TXX_AntoniaLevi X OralPresentationon: RethinkingVanGulikI.AuthorsThesis:FurthchargesthatalthoughRobertVanGuliksSexualLifeinAncientChinais ^ valuableintermsofcontent,itsauthorsanalysesarecoloredbyorientalismwhichcauseshimtoanalyzeHandynastymedicaltextsfroma20thcenturyWesternpointofview.Inparticular,Furthpointsoutthat J VanGulikseessexualityasauniquecomponentofhumanlife,separatefromreproductivityoranyothersocialfunction,dealswithChinaitselfinanahistoricalfashion,andseekstofindinChinapositiveaspectsofsexualitythathefeelsarelackingintheWest.MyOpinion   #  1      :FurthmakesagoodcaseasregardsSexualLifeinAncientChina,butherfailureto <   considertherestofVanGulikswritings,especiallyhisnovels,causeshertooverstatehercase.II.Furthsexamples:a.Excerptsfrom WithintheBedchamberaHandynastytext[221B.C.E.220C.E.]areusedbyFurthtoshowthatthesewerenotdiscussionsofsexualpleasurebuttheTaoistviewwhichtriedtobalancepracticestoassurelongevitywiththosetoassureoffspring;thesewereseenasopposites.HerquotedexcerptsproveherpointsaboutVanGuliksmisrepresentationswell,althoughtheydontnecessarilytieintoherlaterassertionthatthisgiveswomenvalueintermsoftheirreproductivefunctionsorrepudiatetheassumptionthattheChinesepatriarchywasmisogynistinitsemphasisonyang.   b.ExcerptsfromWanQuan,aMingdynastypoetandscholar[1333681644],areusedtoshowhowthisemphasischangedtofocusmoreandmoreonreproductionandtoviewtheearlierobsessionwithsemenretentionandlongevityasselfish,unhealthyandselfdefeating.Thesecertainlydorevealhistoricalchanges,butsinceVanGulikneverfocusedonthisaspectoftheHandynastytexts,theyarelesseffectivethantheymighthavebeen.ItwouldalsohavehelpedifFurthhadbeenmoreexplicitabouthowthenewemphasisonfertilityaffectedotherviewsonyinandwomen. N c.TheshortdiscussionofYeDehui[18641927],thescholarwhosereconstructionofancientbedchambermanualsprovidedVanGulikwithhismainChinesesourcesisusedtoshowhoweveninthis modernizingage,sexualitynotviewedasauniqueaspectofhumanexistence,butasaholisticpartofsociety.FurthsaysthatYeconnectedtheargumentshefoundinthesemanualtothedevelopmentofnationalism,butprovidesnorealexamplestosupportthiscontention.d.AbsentortoofewexamplesfromVanGuliksnovelsorSexualLifeinAncientChinagreatlyweaken # anotherwiseinterestingargument.III.Sourcesused:VandeWetering,Janwillem.RobertVanGulik:HisLife,HisWork,SohoPress,1998. !( VanGulik,RobertHans.SexualLifeinAncientChina:APreliminarySurveyofChineseSexand |#$!* SocietyfromCa.1500B.C.Till1644. F$!+ VanGulik,RobertHans.TheJudgeDeenovelsincluding:2  #  2       %#-   TheChineseGoldMurders &L$.   TheWillowPattern  TheRedPavilion  TheChineseBellMurder  TheChineseNailMurders  TheHauntedMonastery *>(3