WPC  q-э3@Z3 o_c~ @TNg>YZ9-571)~0Vr5IAXCo(9W@Y1 =CgY i4Rf0!Fa5;?B/qKBu 11U* O YIHv%@V=(: qDxvG~l@غhs1LnsMRAHt_ܾsʳ >̀7/2kgSAVGD41/V"7Qfjj4pb/Y}$ *dC.V!i,Sy/FŵN}#H{>AkE,v7'Y! N1 QAd3]d'jC·8al/?p"͒Y/0Y*\M,g:) #!U. % 0( UN3w@4N^  mPrintzilla0<6X9`+CourierX($(@ Z 6Times New Roman Regular [EE[E+[l%3|xz& U !  XpXXXՠXXp   _Bakumatsu  XpXՠ   I.Internalfrictionsandcausesfordiscontent p   A.Samurai   ` fixed,lowincomes   `  arbitrarycutsbydaimyo 4     `  merchantwealthandstatus  p    ` toofewjobsandfavoritism   `  frozenrankswithincastes   `  meritv.birthcontroversy   ` corruptionatthetop  B.Peasants   ` taxation   ` rentsandtenantfarming   ` loans,usuryandforclosures   ` sankinkotaiandabsenteelandlords l    ` yonaoshi[plowingtheearth] X   C.Chonin[townspeople] D    ` Shogunalanddaimyomonopolies 0    ` wealthandstatus   ` needfornewmarkets?II.Ideologiesforrevolution  A.ZhuXiConfucianism:orthodoxy   ` rectificationofnamesandJapanesehistory   ` theMitoschool   `  NihongiandKojiki     `  theShogunasservanttothedivine  B.Kokugaku[NationalLearning] |    ` MotooriNorinagaandTheTaleofGenji h    `  China:dry,masculine,logicalandlimited   `  Japan:wet,feminine,intuitiveandlimitless   ` ShintoandtheDivineEmperor   `  Amaterasu[Sungoddess]   `  Shogunasusurper?   `  Shogunas[disloyal?]servant  C.Rangaku[DutchLearning] %,!#    ` geography,wideninghorizonsandfear   ` earlywarningsystem?   ` mathematicsandexpansionism   ` medicineandantiConfucianism   ` astronomyandAmaterasu   ` RangakuandKokugaku d+&)    `  strangebedfellows?   `  samecoin,differentsides? <-(+  -(, III.Thefinalcountdown  A.IHGGHFEEFNThearrivaloftheWest   ` earlyRussianattempts   ` theOpiumWar,18391NON9NOP841PQ   ` CommodoreMathewPerry,1QRQ9QRS8531854   `  theRussiansatNagasakiSTTSST  TSST ` TSST TSSTsumo,geishaanddelay   `  [theAmericanCivilWar?]   `  thetroublewithpublicopinionpollsTSSUS  SUS   ` treatiesoftradeandfriendshipSV   `  portsandlandaccess   `  extraterritoriality   `  tariffcontrol   `  mostfavorednation   ` TVWVwoVWXownsendHarris,18561858  B.Yokohama:thewild,wild,EastXY   ` firstimpressionsr:toiletsrsrandrst,trbrothelsruanduvufunuvwgunfightsw   ` therealMme.Butterfly[LotiandOkiku]x   ` xyxUxyzz{ukiyoe{|:acertainfascination|{zz{ b   C.Shogunaleffortsatreform   ` encouragementforRangakuscholars 4    ` missionarycontrolsandteachers   ` KatsuRintaro[Kaishu]   ` FukuzawaYukichi   ` theembassies:1860and1863   ` exchangestudents   ` IiNaosukeandshogunalshenanigans  D.Shishi:theopposition C    ` Satsuma,Choshu,HizenandTosa   ` lowrankingsamuraiandrichpeasants   ` young,frustratedkugeandtheMeijiemperor N    ` YoshidaShoin[Choshu],18301859   `  stowawayattempt   `  housearrest   `  reactiontoHarristreaty   `  assassinationattemptandexecution   `    E.Fromxenophobesshishitowesternizers t% $    ` sonnojoiandterrorism ]&!%    ` Choshuv.GreatBritain,1863   ` learningfromtheWesttodefeattoheWest