Warlords and Republicans

I. The first Chinese revolution, 1911

A. Sun Yat-sen, 1866-1925

impoverished gentry roots

Hawaii, 1879-1883

Hong Kong and Macao, 1884-1895

resinification

medical school and Macao hospital

secret societies

Canton plot, 1895

refuge in Japan

world tour

the London kidnapping, Oct, 1896

The Revolutionary Alliance

secret societies

overseas Chinese

Chinese intellectuals

Chinese military academies

Japanese Pan-Asianists

missionaries and other Westerners

The Three Principles

People's Rule: nationalism?

People's Authority: sovereignty?

People's Livelihood: economic justice?

B. The 1911 Revolution

the chain effect

the railway in Sichuan?

Whampoa Military Academy?

the return of Sun Yat-sen

abdication of Puyi, Feb. 12, 1912

President Sun?

Soong Ching-ling

Yuan Shikai

constitutional monarchy?

the 21 Demands, 1915

death, 1916

II. The Warlord era, 1916-1928

A. Chinese warlords

bandits

ideologues

local gentry

B. Western warlords

the Wild East

spheres of influence and military outposts

urban patrols

III. The second Chinese revolution, 1917-1923

A. The May 4 Movement, 1919

Woodrow Wilson's big mouth

the Versailles Peace Conference

students and workers, May 26, 1919

the Shanghai textile mills

Japanese industries abroad

boycotts, strikes and unions

China's revolutionary leaders

B. The social revolution

Confucianism and youth

modernity and youth

women's rights

free love

alternative lifestyles

C. The intellectual revolution

ideas from the West

Darwinism and Social Darwinism

Liberalism, Pragmatism and Pacifism

Marxism-Leninism and Socialism

literary reform

Hui Shi: writing the vernacular [baihua]

Lu Xun: political satire

Ba Jin: social commentary

Ting Ling: women's issues

educational reform

Beijing University

separation of government and education

academic freedom

respect for youth

Chen Duxui: New Youth

intellectual forum beyond academe

politics beyond the bureaucracy

D. The other May Fourthers

the warlords

the Shanghai capitalists