I. China past, China present
A. Carma Hinton and the Tiananmen incident, 1989
Chinese government as irrational despotism
human rights, democracy, eurocentrism and Christianity
intellectuals and resistance
B. Qing China on the eve of the 19th century
Internal dissent [losing the Mandate of Heaven]
the scholar gentry
memorializing the emperor
killing the messenger [aversion therapy]
secret society leadership
Secret Societies
Taoism, folk beliefs, Islam and Christianity
restorationism, anti-Manchuism and nationalism
White Lotus Rebellion, 1796-1804
Population growth
International difficulties
Russia and the Northern border
The Canton [Guangzhou] trade
the kow-tow controversy
Hong merchants
pidgin
the trade imbalance
the British East India Company
II. The Opium Wars
A. the problem with opium
social disruption
political implications
sovereignty
opium and the economy of China
B. Lin Zexu and the Canton factories
burning the opium, 1839
ethnocentricity
merchant knowledge
C. Sanyuanli, May 1841
landlords and the local militia
provincialism and the Chinese army
D. the Treaty of Nanking, Aug. 29, 1842
unequal treaties
Hongkong
extraterritoriality
tariff control
most favored nation
E. Arrow War, 1856
France and England
the burning of the summer palace
Kowloon
New Territories, 1898
F. Issues in the opium wars
justification from the mission boards
salvation, social concerns and Christianity
the opium wars and Japan
III. The Taipings [Great Peace], 1850-1867
A. Uprising, rebellion or revolution?
stage history and the thwarted revolution
multiple rebellions and the inevitability of collapse
the Taipings as precursors of the CCP
B. Hong Xiuquan
hakka
failing the exams
Christian translations
younger brother of Christ
C. Taiping Aims
land reforms [Confucianism]
economic equality of all kinds
sexual equality and celibacy
prohibition [opium, alcohol and tobacco]
D. Gen. Charles Gordon and the Ever-Victorious Army
IV. The Boxers [Society of Righteousness and Harmony], 1900
A. Empress Ci Xi and attempts at reform
the Tongzhi Restoration and the self-strengthening movement
Western technology, Chinese philosophy
industry, communication, transport, and military reform
basic political and social institutions untouched
foreign study and contamination
the Hundred Days Reform, June 11-Sept. 21, 1898
Emperor Guangxu
the retirement of Ci Xi, 1889
the first Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895
the Summer Palace scandal
Japanese style reforms
constitutional monarchy
examination reforms
Western legal code, military and postal service
bureaucratic resistance and the return of Ci Xi
the resistance moves overseas: America, Europe and Japan
Liang Qichao
Kang Youwei
B. The Boxers
uprising, rebellion or revolution?
the anti-missionary campaign
convenient, isolated targets for anti-Western sentiment?
culture and misunderstandings
rice Christians
extraterritoriality Christians
the siege of the legations [Beijing], June-Aug., 1900
Ci Xi and the Boxers
waiting for the international army
carving up the Chinese melon
indemnities and reparations
disarming China and outposts for foreign troops
spheres of influence
C. return of the Hundred Days: too little, too late