The Cold War in Japan and South Korea

I. American Cold War strategies in Asia

A. The nature of the Cold War

need for a new enemy?

response to the bomb?

new imperialism and imperialists?

ideology: a religious war over economic theory?

European precedents: "cordon sanitaire"

invasion of Russia, 1918

B. Major battles in Asia

the Chinese Civil War [?], 1946-49

the Korean War, 1950-53

the Vietnam War, 1954/1964-1975 [?]

C. Cold War terminology

the Free World v. the Communist Bloc

the domino theory and containment

arms and space race/gap

reds, dupes and fellow travelers

D. Colonialism, nationalism and communism

Marxism v. Marxism-Leninism

spontaneity v. organization

colonialism and labor improvement in the West

anti-colonialism as part of the international struggle

Mao and Marxism-Leninism?

Kim Il Sung?

E. Symbolism, ideology and aid

the enemies of America's enemies

Japan, Taiwan and South Korea

III. Japan and the Cold War

A. the cost of the economic miracle

company unions

wages and workers' rights

unsafe working conditions

pollution and the courts

the Minamata incident, 1959

Kawasaki asthma

B. America, the LDP, and AMPO

America's nuclear umbrella

Japan's nuclear allergy

making Japan a target

the hydrogen bomb and the Lucky Dragon, 1954

military bases

firing range accidents

farm land and airstrips

drunk-driving, rapes, brothels and bars

Okinawa

C. "Ratification" of the American constitution

AMPO revision, 1960

P.M. Kishi and the Eisenhower visit

unconstitutional methods in the Diet

student protests

Zengakuren

yakuza, right-wing gangs and the police

parents and professors

death of a student

the broadening protest

Eisenhower's visit canceled

Kishi's resignation

party and individual power

modern seppuku

what did it all mean?

anti-American?

anti-AMPO?

anti-U.S. bases?

anti-Kishi?

war record

unconstitutional behavior

D. the long rule of the LDP and AMPO

II. The South Korean recovery: not quite a miracle

A. Syngman Rhee, 1948-1960

constitutional, parliamentary government?

elections and fraud

corruption and economic problems

assassination attempts

Sai-il-gu: the Apr. 19 movement

student protests in a Confucian society

fraud in the 1960 election

[one dead students = massive violence]

police response and martial law

U.S. pressure on Rhee to resign

the Vietnam War?

the great Catholic conspiracy?

America and failed puppets

Hawaii

B. the Second Republic of Korea, 1960-1961

constitutional reform

factionalism and weak administration

military coup, May 1961

C. Gen. Park Chung Hee, 1963-1979

the 3^rd and 4^th Republics

normalization of relations with Japan, 1964

slow economic improvement

puppet rulers and puppet puppeteers

fraudulent elections and police repression

Kim Dae-Jung as a dangerous "red"

assassination of Gen. Park, Oct. 26, 1979

role of the C.I.A.?

the new election, Dec. 6

Chun's coup, Dec. 12

D. Chun Doo Hwan, 1979-87

Kwangju massacre, May 18, 1980

the 5^th republic

Korea's Meiji Restoration?

political liberalization

E. Roh Tae Woo, 1988-1993

supporter of Chun turned democrat

1^st legitimately elected president

obeys no-2nd-term constitution

F. Kim Young Sam, 1993-1998

1^st civilian president since Rhee

trial of Roh and Chun for Kwangju massacre

G. Kim Dae Jung, 1998-