Occupied Japan

I. Some comments on papers

A. Organization

thematic v. national

thematic v. chronological

what makes analysis easiest?

B. Outside sources

use AND CITE your textbooks

lectures and films shown in class are NOT outside sources

problems with the Internet

problems with old books [?]

primary, secondary and tertiary source

II. The American Occupation of Japan, 1945-1952

A. Periodization

demilitarization, 1945-1947

demobilization, 1945

repatriation, 1945-1947+

the war crimes trials

liberal, "New Deal" phase, 1945-1947

reverse course, 1948-1952

B. What happened to these enemies?

propaganda and expectations

attraction of opposites?

the United States

exhaustion and good times

Truman, Europe, and domestic issues

Americans and the underdog

Japan

exhaustion and the Chrysanthemum and the Sword reaction

Maa-kaa-saa Shogun and the emperor

the borrowing tradition and democratic traditions

Japanese participation and passive resistance

III. The Liberal Phase, 1945-1947

A. SCAP and SCAPINS

America and the allies [FEC]

Truman and the New Dealers

MacArthur and the "enemy"

conservatives and fascists

socialism and resistance

fairness as politics

B. Land Reform

de-feudalizing Japan

landlords and tenant farmers

C. The Constitution, Feb. 1946

the American constitution

Japanese efforts

written word or creation process

the new Diet

Article 9

ERA and women's suffrage

political parties: LDP, JSP, JCP

D. Labor unions

American organizers and Japanese response

General Strike, Feb. 1, 1947

E. Education

ethics texts and censorship [unconditional democracy]

Mombusho and decentralization

Japan Teachers' Union

6-3-3-4 and the new universities

teaching methods and content

F. Unconditional Democracy

the paper shortage

American views of the "political"

media and non-fiction

the arts

G. Zaibatsu dissolution: trust-busting in Japan

IV. The Reverse Course

A. The nature of the reverse course

no exact dates

no official changes

MacArthur v. DC

Generals Whitney and Willoughby

changes in rhetoric

"democratization" to "bulwark of democracy in the Pacific"

"demilitarization" to "staunch ally and supplier"

"agrarian self-sufficiency" to "industrial showplace"

"reparations" to "workshop of Asia"

B. Causes of the reverse course

the Cold War

McCarthyism in the US

Mao Zedong's victory in China

the Japan Crowd

the Luce press and other media

lobbying

return of international communism in the USSR

dissolution of the Comintern, 1943

nationally specific communism and the JCP

the Cominform, 1947

Japanese resistance

limits of the purge

conservative sabotage of reforms

Yoshida Shigeru

C. the unchangeables

land reform and today's quota issues

government structure

women's rights

legal codes

D. Article 9

Diet debate on self-defense, 1946

the Korean War and the National Police Laws, 1949-1950

E. Education

recentralization under Mombusho

ethics texts to Cold War texts

the education purge, 1948-1952

the teachers union = reds

Marxism and Japanese scholars

the [Walter] Eells Incident, 1949-1950

F. The Dodge plan: unions and corporations

curbing inflation and balancing the budget

rebuilding the zaibatsu

controlling labor

G. The Red Purge, 1950