Critical Essay 1

 

Persepolis As Forbidden Knowledge

 

John Miller

 

Professor Philip Jenks

Forbidden Knowledge

12:30 – 1:45

 

 

Persepolis As Forbidden Knowledge

 

The stark contrasts between Marjane Satrapi’s home life and public life are astounding. It must have been mind numbingly aggravating, at times, to have to constantly be on guard against hard line Islamic Fundamentalists and to shift between those two worlds.  Coming from a modern household, her family was adamant about teaching her how things really were and why they needed change. They were very supportive of her quest for knowledge and encouraged her to pursue the truth.

Satrapi, as she matured, was, naturally, interested in modern things, such as clothing styles and music. Unfortunately, her tastes were what the theocratic government would have been considered too decadent and a wicked symbol of capitalism for its citizens.

How Satrapi lived her life in her early years assuredly falls into many categories of forbidden knowledge. Many strict Muslims in Iran would definitely frown upon her freethinking and modern tastes.   Her original ideas and those handed from her parents would surely have led to bigger problems on down the line for her. Regrettably, in this society, one has to be very careful about what you say or do because it could be punishable by long imprisonment or execution.

The first passage I found for the rebellious nature of Marjane Satrapi dealt with her utter dislike for the veil. I find on examining it, the first type of forbidden knowledge it falls under is Inaccessible, Unobtainable Knowledge. It clearly states, “We didn’t really like to wear the veil, especially since we didn’t understand why we had to.” (Satrapi, 3)

Next, is the section where she decides at a young age she was chosen to be the last prophet. When she made this announcement, she received much ridicule from her fellow students and her parents were called in to discuss her ambitions.  This would fall under the category of Knowledge Prohibited By Divine, Religious, Moral, Or Secular Authority. Her religion dictates that a woman couldn’t possibly hold such a lofty position. (Satrapi, 8)

After this, I found the passage where Satrapi was taught in school that God chose the Shah to rule. Here, she learns from her father how the Shah really came to be in power and sets her straight. This I realized, at this period, could be deemed Dangerous, Destructive, or Unwelcome Knowledge, simply because her father could be labeled a troublemaker and imprisoned for teaching her this (Satrapi, 19).

Later, in what I would classify as the start of Satrapi’s rebellious start, she and the maid, Mehri, attend a demonstration calling for the downfall of the Shah. When they return home, her parents are waiting angrily for them. It turned out they had protested on “Black Friday,” a day when many protestors had been killed in one of the neighborhoods. This portion of the novel would also fall in the category of Dangerous, Destructive Knowledge, due to chance of Satrapi and her maid standing a chance of losing their lives while in the process of protesting. At the same time it could also be classified as Knowledge Prohibited By Divine, Religious, Moral, Or Secular Authority for the same reasons. (Satrapi, 38)

I found the portion of the novel where Satrapi meets the newly released political prisoners to fall into the realm of Fragile, Delicate Knowledge. I feel this is so because she mentions how Mohsen Shakiba explains the torture methods that the guards used in prison. Her parents were so shocked upon hearing this that they forgot to keep Satrapi from hearing this). This knowledge, to me, cost Satrapi some of her innocence. Especially the way she shuddered when she found out an iron could be put to dangerous, painful uses. (Satrapi, 51)

Marjane Satrapi’s experiences with her Uncle Anoosh also classify as different areas of Forbidden Knowledge. The stories he told her about different events in his life could be found in the realm of Dangerous, Destructive, or Unwelcome Knowledge. Again, this all leads back to those in power in Iran trying to put down those who wanted change.

Anoosh’s execution also would be located in Fragile, Delicate Knowledge. His being tried and executed served to strip away her innocence. It left her feeling broken and empty. It also served to damage her relationship with God. (Satrapi, 70)

The section that dealt with the demonstration against the veil and its bloody outcome is one of the biggest arguments of the existence of Forbidden Knowledge in Persepolis. This clearly deals with the serious repercussions to pursuing Forbidden Knowledge of the Dangerous, Destructive, or Unwelcome kind. The proof is in when the fundamentalists swarmed on the crowd, attacking them with clubs and knives. Satrapi stated, “For the first time in my life, I saw violence with my own eyes.” (Satrapi, 76)

Being forced to honor the martyrs from the war is another example of Forbidden Knowledge in Satrapi’s rebellious period. She makes no bones about not taking the sessions seriously immediately. This has an effect of Forbidden Knowledge of the Dangerous, Destructive, or Unwelcome kind. She and her classmates find themselves constantly in trouble due to their humorous reactions to the rituals. For the same reasons, this type of Forbidden Knowledge could also meet the standards of the Knowledge Prohibited by Divine, Religious, Moral, Or Secular Authority. (Satrapi, 97)

I would classify the part of the novel of her so-called rebellion against her mother and her first cigarette as Forbidden Knowledge of the Fragile, Delicate kind. In her mind she symbolically breaks away form her mother and her childhood with just a few simple puffs. (Satrapi, 117)

The western culture that Marjane Satrapi was interested in would definitely classify in Iran as Knowledge Prohibited by Divine, Religious, Moral, or Secular Authority. Her parents took a big risk coming back into the country with the items she wanted. But, of course, being a teenager, she was just interested in having a few things that were considered to be cool. Having these items could have lead to serious repercussions for her and her family. It’s interesting to me too that this type of Forbidden Knowledge would also have no trouble being found in Dangerous, Destructive Knowledge to an extent. (Satrapi, 126)

Marjane Satrapi’s rebellious nature towards the forced Iranian way of life continued after her parents brought home her gifts. She went out to purchase some tapes being sold on the black market. On her way home The Guardians Of The Revolution, the Women’s Branch, stopped her to investigate her manner of dress. She barely escaped being arrested and punished for how she was dressed. The Intentions of the women’s group were clear. There is no other way to describe this other than Knowledge Prohibited by Divine, Religious, Moral, or Secular Authority.  But it could have also very well lead to Dangerous, Destructive, or Unwelcome Knowledge. (Satrapi, 131)

The final act of Satrapi’s rebellion mentioned in Persepolis occurred when she got into an altercation with her principal and was expelled. Satrapi was totally fearless and wasn’t afraid to speak her mind about anything she knew wasn’t true. Realizing the danger this posed for her, her parents decided to send her away to Austria. Her fearlessness in the area of Forbidden Knowledge would most likely fall in the realm of Knowledge Prohibited by Divine, Religious, moral, or Secular Authority at least from the point of view from the hard line regime. The same government would also view it as Dangerous, Destructive, or Unwelcome Knowledge. If Satrapi hadn’t been sent away, it only would have been a matter of time before her rebelliousness and individualism would have caught up to her and done her more harm than good. (Satrapi, 143)

I compared Marcus Garvey’s article, Living For Something, to Persepolis. The gist I got from Garvey is, be proud of who you are, no matter what anyone tells you. I am reminded of the line, “This above all else. To thine own self be true.” Take the time in your life to pursue a career and interests of substance. Don’t spend your time pursuing useless leisurely activities. You’re only here for a short time so you should make those moments mean something and leave your mark.

I believe Satrapi is completely in sync with the proposal Garvey makes. She lives life on her terms and will not allow anyone, outside of her family, to tell her how she should live. She approaches life fearlessly and with such gusto. By the end of the first book, she is ready for life and adventures. It’s too bad that most people don’t take the time to or allow other people to realize this is how life should be lived.

I can identify with Satrapi’s desires of uniqueness and individuality and wanting to break free from the repression of the Islamic Fundamentalist government. I grew up in a strict Catholic household where my parents’ word was law. It was not up for debate. As I came into my teenage years, I started to feel like I needed more independence and the acceptance that I was becoming an adult and could make some of my decisions. Here I was, a senior in high school and I’m still being sent to bed at 9:00 PM. I found myself struggling with my mom and stepfather over what rights and privileges I should have. At times, it was like talking to a wall when it came to trying to debate these issues with my stepfather. Unfortunately, some of these debates could get pretty ugly at times. We were both equally frustrated with each other over the other’s point of view.

I was never so glad as when I finally got out on my own. I was going to prove them that I could successfully make my own decisions. If I made a bad choice, I was going to be adult enough to take the repercussions from it. It was the principle that mattered to me, that it was finally my decision to make.

A few years back, I had been working on a production of Inherit The Wind, a play based on the Scopes Monkey Trial. I remembered how certain lines from the character of the defense attorney, Henry Drummond, held great meaning for me. While working on this paper, I stumbled across my old script. I immediately began reading through, reminiscing about that time in my life. I happened to come across one of my favorite lines from the play. I found it an interesting twist of fate that I happened to find a speech that tied in so well with what I was writing about.

The speech comes from the end of the play where Henry Drummond and Bertram Cates, the accused, are waiting for the deliberating jury to come back in with the verdict. Cates, naturally, is showing great concern over how the trial will play out and what his fate will be. Drummond is trying to reassure him that the outcome might not be as bad as he thinks. Along the way Drummond uses a recollection from a moment in his childhood to teach Bert a useful life lesson.

 

 

Drummond –  (Sighing) Someday, I’m going to get me an easy case. An open-and-shut case. I’ve got a friend up in Chicago. Big lawyer. Lord, how the money rolls in! You know why? He never takes a case unless it’s a sure thing. Like a jockey who won’t go in a race unless he can ride the favorite.

Cates – You sure picked the long shot this time Mr. Drummond.

Drummond – Sometimes I think the law is like a horse race. Sometimes it seems to me I ride like fury just to end up back where I started. Might as well be on a merry-go-round, or a rocking horse…or…(half closes his eyes. His voice is far away, his lips barely move) Golden Dancer…

Cates – What did you say?

Drummond – That was the name of my first long shot. Golden Dancer. She was in the big side window of the general store in Wakeman, Ohio. I used to stand out in the street and say to myself, “If I had Golden Dancer, I’d have everything in the world that I wanted.” (He cocks an eyebrow) I was seven years old, and a very fine judge of rocking horses. (He looks off again into the distance) Golden Dancer had a bright red mane, blue eyes, and she was gold all over, with purple spots. When the sun hit her stirrups, she was a dazzling sight to see. But she was a week’s wages for my father. So, Golden Dancer and I always had a plate glass window between us. (Reaching back for the memory) But – let’s see, it wasn’t Christmas; must’ve been my birthday – I woke up in the morning and there was Golden Dancer at the foot of my bed! Ma had skimped on the groceries and my father’d worked nights for a month. (Re-living the moment) I jumped into the saddle and started to rock- (Almost a whisper) And It broke! It split in two! The wood was rotten; the whole thing was put together with spit and sealing wax! All shine and no substance! (Turning to Cates) Bert, whenever you see something bright, shining, perfect seeming – all gold, with purple spots – look behind the paint! And if it’s a lie – show it up for what it really is! (Lawrence & Lee, 62 & 63)

This final speech, to me, sums up a creed that Marjane Satrapi seems to live her life by. She too is not afraid to question something that she knows is not right. To, in a sense, “show it up for what it really is.” That she is unafraid of the consequences that may come from her actions.  And she will always strive for finding a way to make her voice heard in a world filled with injustice.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Works Cited

Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis.  New York: Pantheon, 2004

Lawrence, Jerome, and Robert E. Lee. Inherit The Wind. New York: Dramatists Play Service, Inc, 1951, renewed 1991