PARTICIPATING IN DEMOCRACY

Winter, 2006

Isbel Ingham 

Naskah Zada is our delightful teaching assistant for this class. Please contact her at naz@pdx.edu if you have questions or need information from her.                                             

503.725.9195             

NH 225
Office hours by appointment

Website: web.pdx.edu/~ingham

Readings:
Links: Various and multiple. They are embedded everywhere in this syllabus. You are responsible for whatever I have linked.
Text: Democracy's edge: choosing to save our country by bringing democracy to life (Edge), by Frances Moore Lappé.
Books will be available, courtesy of In Other Words Bookstore, in the Women's Resource Center, in the basement of Montgomery Hall the following days and hours: Monday, January 9, 11-4, Tuesday, Jan 10, 10-7, Wednesday Jan 11 10-7, and Thurs Jan 12 10-3. Please inform your students. After this, they will be available at the Bookstore--address is on the web. (Return policy: Returns are accepted up to 2 weeks after the first of the term [one week for summer courses]. In order to receive a refund, books must be in brand new condition with no bends or marks. Buybacks at the end of the term are based on projections of future need, and so we may not buy back all books.)

On reserve at the library: The politics of liberation: An American studies primer. There are readings assigned from this book, scattered throughout the syllabus.

 

COURSE DESCRIPTION:  Democracy, as defined in most dictionaries, means governmentby the people. This class will discuss what this means, using examples from history and the present to explore what is possible when citizens participate in democracy.  It is the opinion of many that a democracy is meant to be participatory, and that living in a democracy carries with it rather profound responsibilities. To the extent citizens do not take on these responsibilities, for whatever reasons, they will be unrepresented by their government. This class then, will encourages students to develop a voice within the conversations of their peer cultures, as well as in the critical discussions and debates of their community and nation. And, to take the meaning of democracy quite seriously.

This course is designed as a service-learning course.  Students are asked to perform at least fifteen hours of community service over the course of the term, with an agency or organization that serves the Portland area.  This experiential learning will be used to both inform and expand in-class work and assignments. The second day of class several community partners will come to class to tell you about their organizations, and attempt to recruit you. You can sign up with one of them, or you can consult with the CP list linked here. If you absolutely cannot volunteer with one of the organizations I have provided you with information about, you must check with me!

           

Finally, this class will practice what bell hooks calls engaged pedagogy [1] .  Pedagogy is the "work or occupation of teaching [2] ", engaged hopefully speaks for itself.  What this means is that students will be expected to actively engage with the information offered by the instructor and the materials, both in class and in the assignments, and in fact will be occasionally asked to lead class discussions.  Class format will rarely involve lecturing, but will instead employ dialogue between students and students, and students and instructor.  Dialogue here is defined as "a kind of speech that is humble, open, and focused on collaborative learning.  It is communication that can awaken consciousness...[3] ".  This requires that both the instructor and the students think of them/our selves as knowledgeable learners who can both teach and learn in this class. 

 

GOALS:
My personal goal is that we will, over the ten weeks we meet, for a small community of people working together to think more deeply and critically about democracy and its responsibilities. My job is to provide you with thought-provoking information; your job is to do the work assigned to you, and to share your thinking and ponderings with the rest of the class.  

 

REQUIREMENTS:

Students will be asked to attend and participate in small, in-class discussion groups from time to time.  You are also asked to write reflection papers every other week (noted on the syllabus) on the assigned readings and your CP, to be turned in as indicated on the syllabus. You are also asked to give a minimum of two 3-minute presentations over the course of the term, described below. A 5-8 page final research paper is assigned instead of a final exam.

There will be five pop quizzes given over the course of the term--always on the readings to date.

 

There is a very reasonable amount of reading expected.  This should free you up to spend careful attention on the writing assignments and presentations so that we can have great class discussions. Particular attention is placed on your learning to write even more clearly and concisely, i.e. academically, than ever before, which is the reason for the grading method described below. All of your papers, except the first one, must be cited using either MLA or APA citation styles, linked here to the internet. Academic writing standards must be followed, also linked here. 

 

EVALUATION:

Grades will be based on your performance and your participation in class, the presentations, five reflection papers, and the final research paper.  The reflection papers are worth 50 points (5 papers @ 10 points each = 50), the quizzes are worth 50 points (5 quizzes @ 10 points each = 50), the presentations are worth 20 points (2 presentations @ 10 points each), the final paper is worth 90 points, and participation in class is worth 180 points (18 classes @ 5 points each = 90).

There are also ample opportunities for extra credit points, in the form of extra presentations and/or extra reflection papers.  If it happens that you or I discover an event in the Portland area that pertains to conflict resolution, you are invited to attend and write a report about it, also for extra credit.

Papers will be graded a little differently than you may be accustomed to: 

1) The first 5 points are given based entirely on the content of your paper.

2) The second 5 points are given based on your writing. I will spend a great deal of time correcting all of your written work for writing errors. If you make more than 10 errors you will not be given any of the second five points. However you then have the opportunity to correct your paper and resubmit it for full points.

 

TIMELINESS: 

None of us, myself included, like it when people we are waiting for don't show up or are late.  If you miss more than four classes, your grade will go down a notch.  Miss more than 6 classes, it will go down another notch--8 classes, you will not pass the class.

Similarly, if you are late three times it will count as one absence; six times will count as two absences, etc.

To this end, please sign the class list as you enter the room.

 

EXTRA CREDIT:

There are several ways for you to get extra credit points in this class.

1) You can write the extra credit papers suggested in the syllabus (in red).

2) You can go to events on PSU campus that relate to the class. These events are worth 10 points each. To get credit for going you must write at least two paragraphs that synopsize the event for me. For an extra 10 points you can write a 2-page paper that describes the event in more detail, and includes your reactions and responses.

3) You can go to events off-campus that relate to the class, which counts for double the above.

4) You can give a brief (3-minute) presentation on some aspect of democracy, or participating therein, no covered in the class (10 points). You must give me a one-page write-up of your presentation, which should include your references.

5) Suggest something else to me!

GRADES: A = 300-270; B = 269-240; C = 239-210; D = 209-180; F = below 180

           

COURSE OUTLINE

January 10th & 12th     
Introduction to class and members
Define and discuss citizen participation, civic capacity, and, especially, democracy.
What is engaged pedagogy?
Discussion about listening, and how it will be employed and utilized in this class.

Thursday, the 12th, is community partnership day. You must attend, as several community partners will be coming to tell you what it is they do, and to sign you up. This is a very important day!
First RP is due at the beginning of class Thursday, the 12th. This paper is very simple--just a biography of you. Please write two pages about your life to date, your interest in this topic, and anything else that you consider relevant to my understanding of you and your particular relationship to the world.
Readings: "Engaged Pedagogy," by bell hooks (handout in class), and pages xi-11 in Edge.

17th & 19th
Democracy is defined, often, as "government by the people." Who are "the people?" Who are "we," really? How do we know who "belongs" in a given democracy? Discussion about the ways in which the public education system in the U.S. does or does not teach students to participate in democracy.
Thorough discussion of the final paper.

Define these terms in your own words: American, citizen, equal. Share with a partner and compare definitions--which terms are similar? Develop consensus definitions, incorporating as much of each other's ideas as possible. Pairs will then share definitions with the class and create working definitions for the class as a whole.

Where do our ideas about being American come from? How have we, throughout our history, thought about who is considered American, and who is not?

Complete a "universe of obligation."
Readings (for these two days):
Edge,
pp. 13-27
"American rebellions," Thom Hartmann
Definition[s] of democracy in Wickipedia
"Founding America," Jacob Needleman

Extra Credit: The UN Declaration of Human Rights: One of the most important activities of the United Nations is to monitor and attempt to protect individual human rights around the world. To that end, in 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and proclaimed it "a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations" towards which "every individual and every organ of society . . . shall strive." Go to the UN's website ( http://www.un.org/) and read the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The U.S. Bill of Rights is sometimes called a "negative rights document" because it protects individuals' civil liberties by prohibiting certain government actions. Do you think it would be fair to say that the UN Declaration of Human Rights is a "positive rights document"? Why or why not? Write a two-page response to these questions, and receive 15 extra points.

 

24 - Actively participating in democracy.

26 - No class CP Day.
2nd RP due at the beginning of class on the 24th. This paper, and those following, should follow the guidelines outlined in the syllabus.                                                          

Readings:
Edge, pages 29-47, 251-276, and 321-323.
Frances Moore Lappé's study guide, "Living democracy: Ten practical, everyday arts."
"Political reform," Jane Addams (from Democracy and social ethics, by Jane Addams.
NY:MacMillan Co., 1902). This will be available either on the library website or linked to this syllabus, within the next couple of weeks.


Extra Credit: Public Opinion and Socialization Where do you fit? The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press is an independent research group that studies public attitudes toward the press, politics, and public policy issues. The Center's "Where do you fit?" feature allows citizens to provide information about their personal values and attitudes, partisan leanings, and involvement in politics in order to place themselves among one of ten groups of American citizens. Go to the Center's "Where do you fit?" feature on the web. Read over the descriptions of the ten groups that the Center has identified. Based on your reading, which group do you identify with most? Least? Why? Next, follow the link to the "Where do you fit?" questionnaire and fill it out. Do you obtain the same result that you predicted for yourself? If not, was the result close to what you predicted? If the result of the quiz did not match your prediction, identify at least one question that you would add to the questionnaire in order to improve its accuracy. Write me a two-page paper answering these questions, plus your comments: 15 points.
 
31 - Questions of judgment and responsibility as regards media's role in democracy.
U.S. criticizes' access to information, and our right to free speech, is regarded as instrumental to democracy. This class will explore the ways in which this is true, and how it is not true. In other words, how
does the media contribute or detract from democracy?
Please read these articles (which are linked to their websites, and be prepared to discuss them in class on the 27th:

"Secret Plans Against Germany Revealed"

"Three Media Leaders Convicted of Genocide"

"The Warning That Was Ignored"
Also read pages 49-108 in Edge.

2/2 - Conformity and obedience and its relationship (or lack thereof) to democracy.
In that human beings are, by nature, gregarious, conformity is in many ways inevitable. This can work in our favor, and it also makes us vulnerable to propaganda, charismatic leadership. Our need to belong drives us in ways we don't generally pay much attention to--until it gets us, or the world, into trouble. How can we work with our gregariousness so that it steers us in the direction we want to go, using our very finest and clearest thinking?
Readings: "People and events that influenced America's founders," and "Myths about democracy in America (part 1) (part 2)," both from What would Jefferson do? by Thom Hartman


Extra Credit: Pick some piece of the media you regularly peruse. Scan it for propaganda. If you hadn't been looking for it, would it have affected you? How, or how not? To what extent do you think such propaganda, as propagated by media, distorts or enhances our sense of morality, responsibility, etc.? Two-pages, 10 points (attach the propaganda to your paper please).
Or:
Does it really matter which network you watch to get the national news? Access the Television News Archive at Vanderbilt University and follow the links to the collection of evening news abstracts. Browse ABC, CBS, CNN, and NBC for a given week, and see if there's a difference in the way the channels portray, showcase, prioritize, and slant the news. Two pages, 10 points.

Or: "Anyone with a modem . . . " Matt Drudge is perhaps the world's best known cyberjournalist. His web site, The Drudge Report, reportedly receives thousands of hits per day, making it one of the most visited sources on the internet for news and political information. Locate The Drudge Report at http://www.drudgereport.com/, and follow the link to a transcript of Matt Drudge's speech to the National Press Club. Read over the introductory remarks from National Press Club President Doug Harbrecht, and then the speech by Mr. Drudge. (In other words, you can stop reading when you get to the Q&A part of the talk.) What evidence do you find here that members of the traditional press corps and media find The Drudge Report to be a threat to the media as an institution? Two pages: 15 points.

 

February 7 & 9                

Women's role in democracy (please read these links): http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawstime.html http://www.mith2.umd.edu/WomensStudies/GovernmentPolitics/PoliticalProgress/1993
It was only 130 years ago that Susan B. Anthony cast an illegal ballot in a Presidential election, arguing that the Constitution was written for all people, not just white men of means. Astonishingly, it took 48 more years before women were actually given the right to vote, in 1920. We still haven't caught up. How does this impact democracy in the U.S.?
Go to the Vital Voices website. Click on "Who We Are", and read about the three programs Vital Voices in involved in, under "What is Vital Voices Doing?" Be prepared to talk about these programs in class.

Readings:
Pages 219-250 in Edge.

Extra Credit:
Go to the CAWP (Center for American Women and Politics) website. Click on "Women Officeholders: Historical," and familiarize yourself a little with the information presented there. Now click on "Gender Gap: Voting," and again on "Voting Behaviors," read both links under this heading. Compare the three pieces of information you've gleaned here, analyze what you think it all means, and write a two-page paper about your conclusions: 15 points.

 

14 - The systems we live within in the United States that both enhance and impinge upon democracy. Another way to talk about this is by using the word oppression, and the ways in which it impinges on all of us.

16 - What comprises resistance?

Readings:
Pages 12-17, 66-81, 105-106, 122-126, 168-171, 211-224 in Politics.

3rd RP due at the beginning of class Thursday, the 16th.

Extra Credit: Interest Groups: The Center for Responsive Politics is a non-partisan, non-profit research group in Washington, DC that tracks the effects of money in politics. Use the Center's "Who's Giving" feature on the Center's web site to read about the patterns of political giving from the following industries: Defense, Health Professionals, and Telephone Utilities. What do you notice about the pattern of political giving in these three sectors before and after 1994? What do you think explains the pattern that you noticed? Two pages, 10 points.

 

21 - Social Activism
23 - No Class - CP Day
Readings:
Pages 151-217 in Edge
"What became of real American conservatives?" from What would Jefferson do? by Thom Hartman

Extra Credit: Find at least two articles about people who have resisted events, laws, legislation, actions, etc. that they deemed undemocratic. Write a page about each person, describing what he or she did, and what you think about his or her effort[s]: 15 points.

 

February 28
Actively participating in democracy
March 2nd
                    

Morals, values, ethics, philosophies and how they relate to being democractic. This class will prepare you for the event on the 7th.
Readings:
Pages 219-248 in Edge
Tikkun Magazine's Core Vision
"The democratic conception of education," John Dewey
"The politics of meaning and the meaning of politics," a review, by Melissa Lane, of The politics of meaning, by Rabbi Michael Lerner.           

4th RP due at the beginning of class Thursday, the 2nd.              

                       

Special event[s]: Rabbi Michael Lerner will be in Portland for a few days at the beginning of March. In particular, he will be involved with this class on March 7th. All of the details have not been covered yet, so stay posted. To that end, and so you will be educated a bit about him before he comes, I have linked some of his articles here in the syllabus.

March 7th -
Our class will participate in an event, mentioned above. We will discuss this at length well before March 7th.
 
March 9th -
Discussion about Tuesday's class.
How and why does democracy fail? Is democracy succeeding in the United States? For whom? Has it ever represented everyone? Who belongs? Why or why not?
 
Readings: Pages 277-319 in Edge
                      

Go the article, "When Democracy Failed," at the Common Dreams website. What is the point the author is trying to make with this article. Is the situation different now? Is it the same? How or how not? In addition, find one article on the internet (or in the library) defending the Patriot Act, and another that criticizes it. Come to class prepared to discuss both of these topics in class.

Extra Credit: Read the articles about Camp Harmony linked here. To what extent do the events leading up to, during, and after Japanese internment in Washington mirror what has happened in the U.S. as regards feelings and attitudes towards Middle Eastern people residing here? Two pages: 10 points.

March 14th & 16th - Hope and Power: Making the world belong to us.
Pages 407-4449 in Politics

5th RP due at the beginning of class Thursday, the 16th.   Final paper is also due today.
            

Assignments:

Reflection Papers (RP's): Each week there will be readings assigned, class discussions, small group discussions,presentations, and/or a video. Every other week (beginning the second week of class) you are asked to write a two-page RP on the readings, videos, discussions, etc., and their relevancy to the topic of the week. Please include something about your community partnership if you think it's relevant.

These papers are to be at least two pages long, and are due every other week (noted on the syllabus). They must be appropriately referenced and use either MLA or APA style.

 

Presentations: Each student is expected to do two 3-minute presentations over the course of the term. These must present to the class information you found about someone from the past or present who has done or is doing inspiring democratic work in the United States. You can get this information from any reliable source - the library, websites, journals, reputable magazines, newspapers, etc. The person you report on does not have to have done something "big" for his or her efforts to count. The whole point of this class is that democracy is up to all of us--we cannot wait for a hero or heroine to create or maintain democracy for us.

Here are some websites that might be of interest and/or help to you:

www.commondreams.org - On the left side of this website, down a ways, there is a very, very long list of news sources you can draw from

www.truthout.org

www.moveon.org

www.americanprogress.org

news.independent.co.uk

www.btselem.org/

Yes! Magazine

Tikkun Magazine

International Republican Institute

Ms. Magazine (or you can read a copy in the library)

or...just plug democracy into a search engine and see what you come up with

or...democratic heroes, democratic heroines---the possibilities are endless
Tip: Don't use google for this assignment. There are better search engines for academic searches: dogpile.com, alltheweb.com, and my favorite, teoma.com

Final Papers: 

1) Students are asked to write a 7-10 page paper, as described above in the syllabus.  This paper must reference at least five of the academic readings we've used for the class. Like all the papers written for the class, they must use either MLA or APA style.

 

[1] This is also sometimes referred to as, and is certainly akin to, critical pedagogy, feminist pedagogy, literacy of power, education for critical consciousness, etc.  The concept will be thoroughly discussed in class.

[2] The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (unabridged) (1979).  Oxford University Press, 2110.

[3] Boyce, Mary E. (2002).  Teaching critically as an act of praxis and resistance.  Electronic journal of radical organization theory [Online], 2 (2).  Available: http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/ejrot/.