FOREIGN POLICY DECISIONMAKING:

FROM VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL AUTHORITARIANISM*

· debates among power centers at the top levels;

· representation of bureaucratic interests;

· broadening of the policy agenda;

· growing involvement of local interests in central government;

· increasing participation of intellectuals and think tanks;

· influence of political and economic conditions;

· increased sensitivity to the power and opinions of the Chinese people.

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Source: Quansheng Zhao, Interpreting Chinese Foreign Policy, p. 82.