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Scottish Battles |
| Date of Battle | Place of Battle/ Name of Battle | Trespassers | Home Guard | Outcome or Commentary on the Battle |
| Roman Expansion 55 - 84 AD | ||||
| 84 AD | Mons Graupius | Romans | "Caledonian Confederacy" | Romans defeat Caledonians |
| Angle Expansion Against the Picts | ||||
| 638 | Battle of Nectans-mere |
Northumbria Angles |
Pictish King Brudei | King Brudei defeats the Angles; decisive battle in keeping the Angles south of River Forth |
| 1018 | Battle of Carham | Northumbrian Angles | Malcolm II, King of Scotland | Angles defeat King of Scotland; Establishes River Tweed as Anglo-Scottish border |
| Norse Expansion | ||||
| 1263 | Battle of Largs | Haakon, King of Norway | King Alexander III, King of Scotland | Norwegians defeat Alexander III; later follows long alliance between Haakon's son and Alexander |
| English Expansion and Scotland's Fight for Freedom 1265 AD - 1400 AD | ||||
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1296 |
King Edward I (Longshanks) of England |
John Ballioli, King of the Scots |
English massacre townsfolk in Berwick; establish English control in the region |
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1296 |
Edward I of England |
Ballioli, King of Scotland |
Continuation of Berwick Massacre moves to Dunbar toward Edinburgh; Edward I takes Stone of Destiny to demoralize Scots |
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1297 |
Edward I |
William Wallace and Highlanders |
Most of Scotland previously taken is returned to Scots |
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1298 |
Edward I |
William Wallace and the Highlanders |
Edward I captures Wallace and makes example of him for others who would fight against England |
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1306 |
England- Comyn's brother-in-law, Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke |
Robert the Bruce; Scotland |
English defeats Bruce's forces and he flees to Western Isles |
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1307 |
England - Aymer de Valence |
Robert the Bruce; Scotland |
Scots defeat the English; turning point of Bruce's campaign; Scots recover from previous defeats |
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1314 |
England - Edward II |
Robert the Bruce; Scotland |
40,000 English troops face 13,000 Scots; Scottish become victors; Stirling returns to Scots |
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1332 |
Edward III; 'The Disinherited Barons' |
Scotland's Regent, Earl of Moray |
'The Disinherited Barons' defeat Scots; England regains control of Perth area |
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1334 |
Scotland - Archibald Douglas for David II |
England - Edward III and Edward Ballioli, John Ballioli's son |
Devastating defeat for Scotland |
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1346 |
Scotland (for France) - King David, son of Robert the Bruce |
English - Edward III; Edward the Black Prince (his son) |
England defeats Scotland; King David is sent to Tower of London for 15 years |
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1388 |
Battle of Otterburn, aka 'The Battle Won by a Dead Man' |
Scotland - Earl of Douglas (the Black Douglas) |
England - Sir Henry Percy of Northumbria |
Scots defeat English in moonlight attack by English forces |
| Highlanders and Lowlanders |
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1411 |
Battle of Harlaw, aka 'Red Harlaw' |
Donald, Lord of the Isles; Lowlanders |
Clans of Keith, Forbes, Leslie, Irvines, and Mar; Highlanders |
'Most brutal battle in Scottish history,' but no victors |
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1488 |
Son of King James III (James IV) |
King James III of Scotland |
King James is wounded, calls for priest; "priest" stabs him to death; 15-year old James IV becomes King of Scotland |
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1513 |
James IV; Scotland crossed Border into England |
England's Henry VIII |
England defeats Scotland; King James IV and many Scots nobles are killed |
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1546 |
Battle of Solway Moss (English-Scottish Border) |
King Henry VIII of England |
James V of Scotland |
England defeats Scotland; James retires to Falkland, where he dies shortly after |
| Covenanters and Royalists |
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1645 |
Battle of Inverlochy (Highland) |
Covenanters-Argyll and Campbells clans |
Earl of Montrose leads English Royalist forces |
Royalists defeat Scots; 8 Royalists killed;1500 Scots die |
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1645 |
Major-General, Sir David Leslie leads Covenant army |
Earl of Montrose, the Captain-General and Lieutenant Governor of Scotland lead Royalist forces |
Battle forces defeat of Charles I to the Scots later at Newark; his execution takes place in 1649 for invasion of Scotland at Battle of Preston |
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1650 |
Oliver Cromwell leads English troops to eliminate problem of Covenanters |
Sir David Leslie leads Covenant army |
English crush Covenant army; Cromwell takes control of Edinburgh without opposition; Scotland becomes part of English Commonwealth; Charles flees |
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Jacobites and Royalists |
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1689 |
General Hugh MacKay leads 'Williamites' - Scottish and English Royalists |
Viscount Dundee, aka 'Bonnie Dundee' leads Jacobite forces |
Jacobite forces defeat Williamites |
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1689 |
Jacobites; Highlanders |
Williamites - Earl of Angus leads newly formed Cameronians |
Williamites crush Jacobite resistance |
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1690 |
'The Haughs of Cromdale' |
Jacobite forces |
Cameronians:MacDonalds, MacLeans, Camerons, MacPhersons and Grants of Invermoriston (government forces) |
Government forces kill or capture 400 Jacobites |
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1692 |
Massacre of Glencoe |
Campbell clan as agents for King William |
MacDonald clan of Glencoe |
MacDonalds provide Campbells hospitality; Campbells massacre 38 members of MacDonald clan |
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1715 |
Jacobites under the leadership of the Earl of Mar |
English and Scottish who support King George (Hanoverians) |
Jacobites withdraw, but battle is indecisive; Government forces later defeat small Jacobite forces at Preston |
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1719 |
Battle of Glen Shiel |
Jacobites of Spain;France; R.MacGregor's men |
Government forces |
Government troops defeat the Jacobites |
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1746 |
Lord Murray and Prince Charles lead Jacobites |
General Hawley leads government forces |
Jacobites defeat Hawley's men; he has 60 executed for cowardice |
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1746 |
Prince Charles takes command of Jacobite troops |
Duke of Cumberland leads government troops |
Government forces slaughter the remaining Jacobite forces guaranteeing no further uprisings; Charles flees to France with help of Flora MacDonald |
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