I. VOCABULARY-- WRITE IN PERSIAN SCRIPT.

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Eleven]

1. jum‘ih ta‘tīl būd; sar-i kār naraftam. 2. parīrūz shanbih būd, durust sar-i sā‘at-i nuh risīdam. 3. valī sih shanbih-uw chahār shanbih kamī dīr kardam. 4. rāstī, agih dīr birī mīfahman? 5. balih kih mīfahman. 6. agar bifahman kih bimawqi‘ sar-i kār nimīrī, chī mīshih? 7. az huqūqam kam mīkunan 8. rāst mīgī? pas chirā biman naguftī? 9. magih nimīdūnissī? 10. nah hīch nimīdūnissam.

1. Today is Monday. 2. Sunday was not a good day for me. 3. It was raining (The rain was coming.) 4. I telephoned Kāvih and asked, "How about going to the movies together?" 5. He said, "If you can get here at six o'clock sharp, we could go together." 6. I asked what would happen if I were late. 7. He said, " I will deduct from your salary!. Why don't you want to come on time?" 8. I said, "I'm joking; I am off today and I'll be there at six o'clock sharp." 9. He wanted me to tell him that what I was going to do on Saturdays and Thursdays. 10. I said I'm working on those days.

(c) Transliterate and pay attention to the final hi in.......form and initial/medial bi and nūn in the form of......and......

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I. VOCABULARY -- WRITE IN PERSIAN SCRIPT.

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Twelve]

1. mihmūn mīkhwāyn? 2. khuwsh āmadīn; bifarmāyīn tū. 3. paydātūn nīs . 4. khaylī vaqtih shumā-ruw nadīdam. 5. raftih būdam musāfirat. 6. vaqtiīkih ūmadam khūnih marīz shudam. 7. panj shish rūz sar-i kār naraftam tā hālam bihtar shud. 8. īshāllāh kih balā dūrih. 9. mamnūnam. 10. safar khuwsh guzasht? 11. jā-yi shumā khālī, safar-i khūbī būd. 12. az īnjā tā ūnjā chiqad rās (chiqadr rāh ast)? 13. taqrīban (taqrībā”) divīst kīlūmitrih. 14. bā utuwmubīl chiqad tūl mīkishih (mīkashad)? 15. sih yā chār sā‘at; bastih bih sur‘atitūn. 16. bīyā dafih-yi dīgih (dafi‘h dīgar) bāham birīm.

1. Do you like to have (want) a guest? 2. Welcome. Come in. 3. Where have you been? I haven't seen you for a long time. 4. I took a trip, and when I came home I got sick (I became ill). 5. I hope it was not too serious (calamity be far away, God willing). 6. Thanks. Did you enjoy the trip? 7. Yes, it was a good trip. I wish you were with me (your place was empty). 8. How far is it from here to there? 9. It is about 200 kilometers. 10. How long does it take by car? 11. Three or four hours depending on your speed. 12. Let's go together next time.

(c) Transliterate and pay attention to the alternate writing style for the letters      h and      kh in the underscored words.

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(c1) Transliterate and pay attention to the book print style

I. VOCABULARY -- WRITE IN PERSIAN SCRIPT.

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Thirteen]

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Thirteen]

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Thirteen]

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I. VOCABULARY -- WRITE IN PERSIAN SCRIPT.

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Fourteen]

1. agar mīyan-i duw shahr/ rāh nabāshih/ mardum nimitūnan/ birāhatī/ raft-uw ūmad/ kunan. 2. tā chand sāl-i pīsh/ dar ba‘zī az/ kishvarhā-yi khāvar-i mīyānih/ rāh-i utumuwbīl-ruw/ kam būd. 3. bīshtar-i rāh-hā/ kārvān-ruw būd. 4. har chih bīshtar/ rāh-i utumuwbīl-ruw/ sākhtih ishih/ bihtarih. 5. rāhī kih/ khūb sākhtih shudih bāshih/ haml-uw naql-i kālā-ruw/ khaylī āsūn/ mīkunih.

1. If there are no roads between cities, people will travel with trouble and suffering.

2. Until a few years ago, there were very few automobile roads in some of the countries of the Middle East.

3. Most roads were caravan routes. Only animals could pass through.

4. Since the gravel roads have been built, traffic between cities has increased.

5. Today merchandise is easily shipped in most of the countries of the Middle East.

I. VOCABULARY -- WRITE IN PERSIAN SCRIPT.

1. chirā hamān rūz suw’āl va javāb-rā nakhwānd? 2. khwāhish mīkunam ū-rā biman bibakhshīd. ānrūz barāyi ū rūz-i khūbi nabūd. 3. chirā? magar chih shudih būd? 4. az kār bīrūnash kardih būdand. 5. chih tasāduf-i badī! umīd vāram har chih zūd-tar kār-i khūbī piydā kunad. 6. farmūdīd dar khāvar-i mīyānih, ham raft-uw āmad bayn-i shahrhā āsān shudih ham haml-uw naql-i kālā-hā? 7. balih durustih; kam kam rāh-hā-yi kārvān-ruw jā-yi khuwd-rā bih rāh-hā-yi utuwmubīl-ruw mīdahand. 8. binazar-i man nabāyad jiluw-yi haml-uw naql-i kālā-rā girift. 9. nazar-i shumā bad nīst; valī bāyad bā hamih sākht. 10. bibakhshīd durust nafahmīdam chih guftīd.

(b) Translate into Persian.

1. Why didn't she go the same day? 2. I think she was busy. 3. He said they dismissed her because they couldn't put up with her. 4. Didn't you talk with your friend about her job? 5. Yes, just today I talked to him. 6. What was his opinion? 7. In his opinion she should either work or go to the university. 8. Do you think it's a good idea? What is your view? 9. In my view both studying and working are good. 10. What are you going to tell her when you see her? 11. I'm going to tell her that neither studying nor working is good. 12. You're joking. I should stop both you and your friend. 13. Please forgive us this time for her sake! 14. Will you forgive me if I tell you I've spoken to her? 15. Not to change the subject...I'm going to go to Canada in January or February. 16. What a coincidence! I'll be there in March or April. I like Canada but I'm not fond of rain and snow. 17. Do you plan to take your wife and your children? 18. Of course, but since my wife does not like cold weather, she will come in May or June. 19. What about the children? 20. My son is going to be there in July or August, my elder daughter in September, and the younger one in October. 21. But how long do you want to stay there? 22. Believe it or not, I wanted to stay in Canada from November of this year to the December of the next year, but as you see, it wasn't possible.

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Fifteen]

I. VOCABULARY -- WRITE IN PERSIAN SCRIPT.

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Sixteen]:

II. EXERCISES [Lesson Sixteen]:

There are many proverbs, sayings, maxims, and short stories which have become commonly recognized as a part of the true and familiar experience among the Persian speaking people. In this lesson we will learn a few of them. In reading these proverbs we have to bear in mind that most of the time the literal, word-for-word translation may not convey the messages embedded in these short sayings.

I. SUMMARY OF VERB CONJUGATION--The verb zadan as an example

1. Infinitive zadan to strike, hit, beat, put

2. Present Stem zan ---

3. Past Stem zad he/she/it struck, hit, beat, put
4. Present Tense mizanam I strike, will strike
5. Past Tense zadam I struck
6. Future khwaham zad I will strike
7. Imperative bizan Strike!
8. Present Subjunctive/ kih/agar bizanam that/if I may/might strike

Conditional

9. Past Subjunctive/ kih/agar zadih basham that/if I may have struck

Conditional

10. Present Continuous daram mizanam I am striking
11. Past Continuous dashtam mizadam I was striking
12. Imperfect mizadam I was striking/used to strike

I had been striking

13. Present Perfect zadih am I have struck/I have been striking
14. Past Perfect zadih budam I had struck

(Pluperfect)

15. Passive zadih shudam I was struck
16. Past Participle zadih stricken

A. The particle          khuwd (             khwish            khwishtan) is used in place of the Possessive Adjective or Personal Pronoun particularly when the Personal Pronoun refers to the subject of the sentence. Thus instead of

1. pul-i man-ra bih u dadam,
'I gave my money to him.' we have to use
pul-i khuwd-ra bih u dadam,
and instead of
2. qalam-i u-ra bih man dad,
'She gave her pen to me.' we have to use
qalam-i khuwd-ra bih man dad.

B. As an emphatic particle      khuwd (but not       khwish and           khwishtan) is used with the pronominal suffixes -am, -at, -ash, -iman, -itan, -ishan, e.g.                    man khuwdam didam, 'I myself saw (it/him/her).'

C. Khuwd + Pronominal Suffix + ra is used when the subject takes an action reflecting upon himself, e.g. u khuwdash ra kusht, 'He killed himself.' Sometimes, particularly in written form, the Pronominal Suffix is omitted in the 3rd person singular: khuwd ra zad, 'He hit himself.'

The suffix     i can express 'a', 'an', 'some', 'any' as follows:

dirakht, 'the tree';          dirakhti, 'a/some/any tree'

mard-i khubi, 'some/a good man'

mardi khub, 'a good man' (which is not often used in conversation)

A. In writing, but seldom in conversation,     aya is used to introduce a question which requires a 'yes' or 'no' answer, and contains no interrogative words:

aya rafti, 'Did you go?'

B. aya might be translated as 'Is it that...?' as in: . aya musafir gum shudih ast? 'Is the traveler lost?'or as in: aya mariz ast? 'Is he ill?'

1. atraf-i (pl. of taraf) around, from the direction of, sides of, environs of, extreme parts of, ends of, limits of, tips of

2. az from, than, of, over, through, by, in, out of,

because of, made of, by way of, belonging to

3. ba with, possessed of, endowed with

4. bala-yi above

5. bar with, of, from, over, about, for, on, upon

6. muqabil-i,

ru-bi-ru-yi opposite from

musavi-yi equal to

7. barayi, bahr-i ,

bikhatir-i for, because of, for the sake of, on the account of, in order to

8. biyn-i, miyan-i between, the distance between, in between, in

the middle of

9. bi, bidun-i without

10. bih to, into, in, at, with, on, upon, for, as, from, of, according to

11. bija-yi, ja-yi in place of, instead of

12. bijuz, ghiyr az, juz except, besides, apart from

13. birun-i, kharij-i outside of, out of

14. bivasilih-yi by means of, through, by the instrumentality of

15. bivasitih-yi by the medium of

16. dakhil-i inside of, in

17. dam-i, lab-i, pa-yi at, on the edge (brim) of, at the foot of

18. dar in, into, at, as, by

19. dunbal-i, piy-i ,

pusht-i behind, after, at the back of, trace of, in pursuit of

20. duwr-i (gird-i.) around, about, round, around

21. hamrah-i with, together with, along with, in company with

22. jiluw-yi, pish-i.

(nazd-i) in front of, before, next to, in front of, beside, with, in the presence of

23. kinar-i, pahlu-yi by the side of, beside, verse of, edge of

24. magar except, but

25. nazdik-i near

26. payin-i below

27. ru-yi on, on top of, after

28. sar-i on, over, at

29. su-yi toward

30. ta up to, to, as far as

31. taraf-i toward, in the direction of, about

32. tu-yi in, into, inside of

33. zidd-i against

34. zir-i under

EXERCISES - Using the above prepositions fill in the blanks below, write out and translate your sentences.

A.Infinitive Present Stem(s) Imperative

1. kardan kun bikun, bikunin (bikunid)
2. farmudan farma (farmay) bifarma, bifarmayin (bifarmayid)
3. dadan d, dah (dih) bidih, bidin (bidahid)
4. budan hast (bash) bash, bashin (bashid, bibashid)
5. bakhshidan bakhsh bibakhsh, bibakhshin (bibakhshid)
6. danistan dun (dan) bidun, bidunin (bidanid)
7. fahmidan fahm bifahm, bifahmin (bifahmid)
8. guftan g (guy) bigu or bugu, bigin (biguyid)
9. raftan r (rav) buruw, biravin (biravid)
10. dashtan dar dashtih bash, dashtih bashin

(dashtih bashid/bidarid)

11. shudan sh (shav) bishaw, bishin (bishavid)
12. khuwrdan khuwr bukhuwr, bikhuwrin (bikhuwrid)
13. zadan zan bizan, bizanin (bizanid)
14. rikhtan riz biriz, birizin (birizid)
15. baridan bar bibar, bibarin (bibarid)
16. bayastan bas (bayast) -----------------------------------
17. busidan bus bibus, bibusin (bibusid)
18. dir kardan dir kun dir kun, dir kunin (dir kunid)
19. guzashtan zar (guzar) bizar, bizarin (biguzar, biguzarid)
20. javab dadan javab d, dah (dih) javab bidih, javab bidin (javab bidahid)
21. mandan mun (man) bimun, bimunin (bimanid)
22. nivishtan nivis binivis, binivisin (binivisid)
23. pushidan push bipush, bipushin (bipushid)

24. rast guftan rast g (guy) rast bigu, rast bigin (rast biguyid)

25. risidan ris (ras) biris, birisin (birasid)
26. sakhtan saz bisaz, bisazin (bisazid)
27. salam risandan salam risan s. birisan, salam birisanin (salam birisanid)
28. shinakhtan shnas (shinas) bishnas, bishnasin (bishinasid)
29. giriftan gir bigir, bigirin (bigirid)
30. kashtan kar bikar, bikarin (bikarid)
31. avardan ar (avar) biyar, biyarin (biyavarid)
32. khandidan khand bikhand, bikhandin (bikhandid)
33. guzashtan guzar biguzar, biguzarin (biguzarid)
34. kashidan kish (kash) bikish, bikishin (bikashid)

35. dir amadan dir a (ay) dir biya, dir biyayin (dir biyayid)
36. birun kardan birun kun birun kun, birun kunin (birun kunid)
37. khuwsh amadan khuwsh a (ay) kh. biya, khuwsh biyayn (khuwsh biyayid)
38. kam shudan kam sh (shav) kam bishaw, kam bishin, (kam bishavid)
39. dust dashtan dust dar dust dashtih bash, dust dashtih bashin, (dust dashtih bashid/ dust bidarid)
40. burdan bar bibar, bibarin (bibarid)

41. ishtibah kardan ishtibah kun isht. kun, ishtibah kunin (ishtibah kunid)
42.‘avaz kardan ‘avaz kun ‘avaz kun, ‘avaz kunin (‘avaz kunid)
43. da‘vat kardan da‘vat kun da‘vat kun, da‘vat kunin (da‘vat kunid)
44. kharidan khar bikhar, bikharin (bikharid)
45. nishan dadan nishan d (dih, dah) nishan bidih, nishan bidin (nishan bidahid)
46. didan bin bibin, bibinin (bibinid)

47. amadan a (ay) biya, biyayn (biyayid)
48. gush dadan gush d (dih, dah) gush bidih, gush bidin (gush bidahid)
49. khwastan khwa (khwah) bikhwah, bikhwayn (bikhwahid)
50. uftadan uft biyuft, biyuftin (biyuftid)

Write five different sentences, using some of the vocabulary listed below. Then, by substituting other words for those chosen from the list, write variations of each of the five original sentences.